ABSTRACT

Occupational mismatch is a highly debated phenomenon in developed countries, but rarely addressed in developing economies. This study investigates the magnitudes of overeducation and overskilling in four Latin American countries in which tertiary education has expanded rapidly (i.e. Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru). Using objective and subjective measures derived from PIAAC, we find that overeducation affects between 29% and 43% of the workforce and has a regressive nature. Overskilling is significantly lower than overeducation in Peru and Ecuador, and this can be related to more years of education failing to translate into more skills. Overskilling is higher in the OECD than in Latin America, and differences measured using subjective indicators are not related to additional basic skill attainment of OECD workers. This indicates that workers’ perceptions about how their skills compare against the performed tasks involve abilities additional to the basic skills considered in the objective indicators.

摘要

职业错配在发达国家是一个备受争议的现象，但在发展中经济体却很少得到解决。本研究调查了高等教育迅速发展的四个拉丁美洲国家（即智利、厄瓜多尔、墨西哥和秘鲁）的过度教育和过度技能的严重程度。使用 PIAAC 得出的客观和主观衡量标准，我们发现过度教育影响了 29% 至 43% 的劳动力，并且具有倒退性质。秘鲁和厄瓜多尔的过度技能现象明显低于过度教育，这可能与较长的教育年限未能转化为更多的技能有关。经合组织国家的技能过高现象比拉丁美洲更高，而且使用主观指标衡量的差异与经合组织工人的额外基本技能水平无关。