Social values orientation (SVO) refers to stable individual differences in the allocation of resources between self and others. In the present study, an intracommunity sample of preschool-age children was administered two economic dictator games, one pitting cooperation against selfishness and the other generosity against egalitarianism. A third game assessed competitiveness against cooperation. Results revealed that Spanish-speaking Latinx children (collectivistic family background) were more likely to make both cooperative choices and generous choices than a combined subsample of English-speaking Latinx, African American and Caucasian children (non-collectivistic background). These findings suggest that generosity rather than egalitarianism underlies the cooperative tendency of children from collectivist backgrounds. As expected, English-speaking Latinx children (mixed background) were highest on competitiveness. Contrary to predictions, neither cultural background, social values, nor their interaction were associated with teacher-rated child behavioral adjustment. Findings support SVO validity for the intracommunity sample but not its usefulness for predicting behavioral adjustment of preschool students.

社会价值取向（SVO）是指自我与他人之间资源配置上稳定的个体差异。在本研究中，对社区内的学龄前儿童样本进行了两种经济独裁者游戏，一种是合作对抗自私，另一种是慷慨对抗平均主义。第三场比赛评估了竞争与合作。结果显示，与讲英语的拉丁裔、非裔美国人和白人儿童（非集体主义背景）的组合子样本相比，讲西班牙语的拉丁裔儿童（集体主义家庭背景）更有可能做出合作选择和慷慨选择。这些发现表明，集体主义背景的孩子的合作倾向是慷慨而不是平等主义。正如预期的那样，讲英语的拉丁裔儿童（混合背景）的竞争力最高。与预测相反，文化背景、社会价值观及其互动都与教师评价的儿童行为调整无关。研究结果支持社区内部样本的 SVO 有效性，但不支持其预测学龄前学生行为调整的有用性。