Ridesharing is recognized as an environmentally friendly alternative to daily transportation that can potentially reduce vehicular carbon emissions. Transportation Network Companies (TNC) have been providing ridesharing services. However, generalized costs need to be balanced between rideshare drivers and passengers via financial instruments to reach a sustainable equilibrium. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of Incentive-Based Travel Demand Management (IBTDM) strategies in managing morning commutes with ridesharing. Separate time-varying incentive schemes for both rideshare drivers and passengers are proposed to maintain the user equilibrium. Since IBTDM strategies are usually non-mandatory, it is found that the optimal incentives vary with respect to market penetration. Subsequently, we took the difficulty of scheme implementation, system cost reduction, and net utility as the criteria, and obtained the optimal incentive schemes under different criteria. Finally, we verified the effectiveness of the above incentive scheme in promoting ridesharing and reducing system costs by means of experimental economics.

拼车被认为是日常交通的一种环保替代方案，有可能减少车辆的碳排放。交通网络公司（TNC）一直在提供拼车服务。然而，共享出行司机和乘客之间的广义成本需要通过金融工具来平衡，以达到可持续的平衡。在本文中，我们展示了基于激励的出行需求管理 (IBTDM) 策略在通过拼车管理早晨通勤方面的有效性。建议为拼车司机和乘客提供单独的时变激励方案，以维持用户平衡。由于 IBTDM 策略通常是非强制性的，因此我们发现最佳激励措施会随着市场渗透率的不同而变化。随后，我们针对方案实施的难点，以系统成本降低、净效用为准则，得出不同准则下的最优激励方案。最后，我们通过实验经济学验证了上述激励方案在促进共享出行和降低系统成本方面的有效性。