The number of deaths owing to tropical cyclones in Bangladesh has significantly reduced. Category 4 Cyclone Gorky in 1991 and Sidr in 2007 caused 147,000 and 4,500 deaths respectively, whereas Category 1 Cyclone Mora in 2017 resulted in six. Face-to-face interviews with 362 residents, participant observation, and focus-group discussions answer a research question about how change in coastal areas has contributed to this outcome. The study considered institutional approaches of disaster risk management through legal frameworks, administrative arrangements, cyclone preparedness activities, cyclone detection and early warning dissemination, construction of shelter centres, strengthening of various types of coastal embankments, paved roads, and pre-cyclone evacuation. The findings indicate significant improvement in house structures and design, income levels and diversification, education, awareness, individual capacity, poverty reduction, and lowering dependency on agriculture-based earning. Furthermore, the availability of mobile telephones, radio, television, and social media platforms enhanced social connectivity and greater gender equality and empowerment helped to facilitate disaster preparedness, evacuation, and response.

中文翻译：

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孟加拉国沿海气旋灾害脆弱性和应对措施的变化

孟加拉国热带气旋造成的死亡人数已大幅减少。1991 年的 4 级气旋“高尔基”和 2007 年的“锡德”分别造成 147,000 人和 4,500 人死亡，而 2017 年的 1 级气旋“莫拉”则造成 6 人死亡。对 362 名居民的面对面访谈、参与观察和焦点小组讨论回答了关于沿海地区的变化如何促成这一结果的研究问题。该研究考虑了灾害风险管理的制度方法，包括法律框架、行政安排、飓风防备活动、飓风检测和早期预警传播、避难中心建设、加固各类沿海堤坝、铺砌道路和飓风前疏散。研究结果表明，住房结构和设计、收入水平和多样化、教育、意识、个人能力、减贫以及降低对农业收入的依赖等方面都有显着改善。此外，移动电话、广播、电视和社交媒体平台的可用性增强了社会连通性以及更大的性别平等和赋权，有助于促进备灾、疏散和响应。