Retrieving existing memories before new learning can lead to retroactive facilitation. Three experiments examined whether interpolated retrieval is associated with retroactive facilitation and memory interdependence that reflects integrative encoding. Participants studied two lists of cue–response word pairs that repeated across lists (A–B, A–B), appeared in list 1 (A–B, —), or included the same cues with changed responses in each list (A–B, A–C). For A–B, A–C pairs, the tasks interpolated between lists required recall of list 1 (B) responses (with or without feedback) or restudy of complete list 1 (A–B) pairs. In list 2, participants only studied pairs (experiment 1) or studied pairs, attempted to detect changed (C) responses, and attempted to recall list 1 responses for detected changes (experiments 2 and 3). On a final cued recall test, participants attempted to recall list 1 responses, indicated whether responses changed between lists, and if so, attempted to recall list 2 responses. Interpolated retrieval was associated with subsequent retroactive facilitation and greater memory interdependence for B and C responses. These correlational findings are compatible with the view that retrieval retroactively facilitates memories, promotes coactivation of existing memories and new learning, and enables integrative encoding that veridically binds information across episodes.

中文翻译：

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插值检索可追溯性地增加回忆并促进跨情节记忆的相互依赖性

在新的学习之前检索现有的记忆可以导致追溯促进。三项实验检验了插值检索是否与反映整合编码的追溯促进和记忆相互依赖性相关。参与者研究了两个提示-响应词对列表，这些列表在列表中重复（A-B，A-B），出现在列表1中（A-B，-），或者在每个列表中包含相同的提示但响应发生变化（A- B、A-C）。对于 A-B、A-C 对，在列表之间插入的任务需要回忆列表 1 (B) 的响应（有或没有反馈）或重新研究完整的列表 1 (A-B) 对。在列表 2 中，参与者仅研究配对（实验 1）或研究配对，尝试检测变化的 (C) 响应，并尝试回忆列表 1 的响应以发现检测到的变化（实验 2 和 3）。在最后的提示回忆测试中，参与者尝试回忆列表 1 的响应，指出列表之间的响应是否发生变化，如果是，则尝试回忆列表 2 的响应。插值检索与随后的追溯促进以及 B 和 C 反应的更大记忆相互依赖性相关。这些相关发现与这样的观点相一致，即追溯检索可以促进记忆，促进现有记忆和新学习的共同激活，并实现整合编码，从而真正地将跨事件的信息结合起来。