Understanding the evolution and dissipation of protoplanetary disks are crucial in star and planet formation studies. We report the protoplanetary disk population in the nearby young \(\sigma \) Orionis cluster (\(d\sim 408\) pc; \(\textrm{age}\sim 1.8\) Myr) and analyse the disk properties, such as dependence on stellar mass and disk evolution. We utilize the comprehensive census of 170 spectroscopic members of the region refined using astrometry from Gaia DR3 for a wide mass range of \(\sim \)19–0.004 \(M_\odot \). Using the near-infrared (2MASS) and mid-infrared (WISE) photometries, we classify the sources based on the spectral index, into class I, class II, flat spectrum and class III young stellar objects. The frequency of sources hosting a disk with stellar mass <2 \(M_\odot \) in this region is \(41\pm 7\)%, which is consistent with the disk fraction estimated in previous studies. We see that there is no significant dependence of disk fraction on stellar mass among T Tauri stars (<2 \(M_\odot \)), but we propose rapid disk depletion around higher mass stars (>2 \(M_\odot \)). Furthermore, we found the lowest mass of a disk-bearing object to be \(\sim \)20 \(M_{\textrm{Jup}}\) and the pronounced disk-fraction among the brown dwarf population hints at the formation scenario that brown dwarfs form similar to low-mass stars.

了解原行星盘的演化和消散对于恒星和行星形成研究至关重要。我们报告附近年轻\(\sigma \) Orionis 星团 ( \(d\sim 408\) pc; \(\textrm{age}\sim 1.8\) Myr 中的原行星盘种群并分析盘属性，例如对恒星质量和盘演化的依赖。我们利用该区域 170 个光谱成员的综合普查，并使用 Gaia DR3 的天体测量学对\(\sim \) 19–0.004 \(M_\odot \)的广泛质量范围进行了细化。使用近红外（2MASS）和中红外（WISE）光度测量，我们根据光谱指数将源分类为 I 类、II 类、平坦光谱和 III 类年轻恒星物体。该区域中恒星质量<2 \(M_\odot\)的盘源的频率为\(41\pm 7\) %，这与之前研究中估计的盘分数一致。我们发现金牛座 T 星中盘分数对恒星质量没有显着依赖性 (<2 \(M_\odot \) )，但我们提出围绕质量较大的恒星 (>2 \(M_\odot \)周围盘会快速耗尽）。此外，我们发现带有圆盘的物体的最低质量为\(\sim \) 20 \(M_{\textrm{Jup}}\)褐矮星种群中明显的圆盘比例暗示了褐矮星的形成情景与低质量恒星类似。