Purpose

This paper aims to analyse the wine market in relation to international competitiveness and international market structure.

Design/methodology/approach

To describe the international market structure, this paper uses Herfindahl–Hirschman Index and Net Export Index to measure export competitiveness revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA). Finally, survival function analyses were developed using the Kaplan–Meier product-limit estimator to characterise the stability and duration of the competitiveness in the international wine market of each country and after they were grouped into Old and New World wine-exporting countries, and Wilcoxon and the Log-rank tests were used to compare the survivor functions.

Findings

The findings have revealed that the import market structure has remained unconcentrated, whereas the export market structure is moderately concentrated. Concerning trade characteristics, France, Italy, Spain, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Portugal, Argentina, South Africa and Georgia are exporters. Austria is a trader (re-exporter), and the USA, Germany, the UK and the Netherlands are importers with strong domestic consumption. Regarding the RSCA, the New and Old World wine-exporting countries have high scores, specifically France, Italy, Spain, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Portugal, Argentina, South Africa and Georgia. However, the advantages have weakened for most of the countries analysed. Only a few Old World wine-exporting counties (France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Georgia) have demonstrated stable comparative advantages over time. However, when grouped into Old World and New World, their survivor functions present little statistical differentiation during the period.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is that it applies the industrial organisation and comparative advantage approaches to the wine international market, highlighting the top global players. The paper also makes valuable contributions to the wine literature by analysing the duration and stability of comparative advantage in the worldwide wine trade at a country level and comparing them grouped into Old and New World wine-exporting countries.

中文翻译：

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葡萄酒国际市场结构与竞争力

目的

本文旨在分析葡萄酒市场的国际竞争力和国际市场结构。

设计/方法论/途径

为了描述国际市场结构，本文采用赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数和净出口指数来衡量显示对称比较优势的出口竞争力（RSCA）。最后，使用 Kaplan-Meier 乘积极限估计器进行生存函数分析，以表征每个国家在分为新旧世界葡萄酒出口国和 Wilcoxon 后在国际葡萄酒市场上的竞争力的稳定性和持续时间。并使用Log-rank检验来比较幸存者功能。

发现

调查结果显示，进口市场结构仍然不集中，而出口市场结构则适度集中。从贸易特征来看，法国、意大利、西班牙、澳大利亚、智利、新西兰、葡萄牙、阿根廷、南非和格鲁吉亚是出口国。奥地利是贸易国（再出口国），美国、德国、英国和荷兰是进口国，国内消费强劲。在RSCA方面，新旧世界葡萄酒出口国得分较高，特别是法国、意大利、西班牙、澳大利亚、智利、新西兰、葡萄牙、阿根廷、南非和格鲁吉亚。然而，对于大多数分析的国家来说，优势已经减弱。随着时间的推移，只有少数旧世界葡萄酒出口国（法国、意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙和格鲁吉亚）表现出稳定的比较优势。然而，当分为旧世界和新世界时，它们的幸存者功能在此期间几乎没有出现统计差异。

原创性/价值

该论文的独创性在于，它将产业组织和比较优势方法应用于葡萄酒国际市场，突出了全球顶级参与者。该论文还通过分析国家层面的全球葡萄酒贸易比较优势的持续时间和稳定性，并将其分为旧世界和新世界葡萄酒出口国进行比较，对葡萄酒文献做出了宝贵的贡献。