Abstract

Marine biofouling is a global problem affecting various industries, particularly the shipping industry due to long-distance voyages across various ecosystems. Therein fouled hulls cause increased fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and the spread of invasive aquatic species. To counteract these issues, biofouling management plans are employed using manual cleaning protocols and protective coatings. This review provides a comprehensive overview of adhesion strategies of marine organisms, and currently available mitigation methods. Further, recent developments and open challenges of antifouling (AF) and fouling release (FR) coatings are discussed with regards to the future regulatory environment. Finally, an overview of the environmental and economic impact of fouling is provided to point out why and when the use of biocidal solutions is beneficial in the overall perspective.

摘要

海洋生物污垢是一个影响各个行业的全球性问题，特别是由于跨越不同生态系统的长途航行而影响的航运业。其中，受污染的船体会导致燃料消耗增加、温室气体排放以及入侵水生物种的传播。为了解决这些问题，生物污垢管理计划采用手动清洁方案和保护涂层。本综述全面概述了海洋生物的粘附策略以及当前可用的缓解方法。此外，还针对未来的监管环境讨论了防污（AF）和去污（FR）涂料的最新发展和面临的挑战。最后，概述了污垢对环境和经济的影响，指出从整体角度来看为什么以及何时使用杀菌解决方案是有益的。