A supplemental effect of Achyranthes aspera extract (200 mg/kg phytosterol) in diets was evaluated for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) on growth performance, digestibility, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A fish meal and soybean meal-based control diet (Con; protein 38.0% and lipid 8.7%) was formulated and five other diets were prepared by adding A. aspera extract into Con diet to be 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg phytosterol/kg concentration (designated as P05, P10, P20, P40, and P80, respectively). Three replicate groups of 30 shrimp (initial body weight, 0.40 ± 0.001 g) per diet were randomly assigned into 18 acrylic tanks (240 L) and fed one of the diets for 53 days. The growth performance and feed utilization efficiency were significantly higher in shrimp fed P20 and P80 diets than in shrimp fed Con and P10 diets. The dietary phytosterol supplementation improved non-specific immune response, antioxidant capacity, and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein of shrimp. The IGF-binding protein gene expression was also upregulated with dietary phytosterol supplementation. During the challenge test, the disease resistance of shrimp was significantly enhanced against V. parahaemolyticus when shrimp were fed P20 diet. These results indicate that A. aspera extract could be used as a functional feed additive for the improvements in the growth performance, feed efficiency, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, digestibility, and disease resistance of the shrimp. The optimum dietary inclusion level of the phytosterol seems to be 0.2–0.4 mg/kg diet.

中文翻译：

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膳食补充牛膝提取物对南美白对虾幼年生长性能、消化率、先天免疫、抗氧化能力和抗病能力的影响

评估了日粮中牛膝提取物（200 毫克/千克植物甾醇）对南美白对虾（ Penaeus vannamei ）生长性能、消化率、先天免疫、抗氧化能力和副溶血弧菌抗病性的补充作用。配制以鱼粉和豆粕为基础的对照日粮（Con；蛋白质 38.0%，脂质 8.7%），并通过在 Con 日粮中添加A. aspera提取物制备其他 5 种日粮，浓度分别为 0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4 和 0.8 mg 植物甾醇/kg 浓度（分别指定为 P05、P10、P20、P40 和 P80）。三个重复组，每组 30 只虾（初始体重，0.40 ± 0.001 g），每种饲料被随机分配到 18 个丙烯酸池（240 L）中，并饲喂其中一种饲料 53 天。饲喂 P20 和 P80 饲料的虾的生长性能和饲料利用效率显着高于饲喂 Con 和 P10 饲料的虾。日粮中添加植物甾醇可改善虾的非特异性免疫反应、抗氧化能力以及干物质和蛋白质的表观消化系数。通过饮食补充植物甾醇，IGF 结合蛋白基因表达也上调。在攻毒试验中，喂食P20饲料后，虾对副溶血性弧菌的抗病能力显着增强。这些结果表明，A. aspera提取物可以用作功能性饲料添加剂，用于改善对虾的生长性能、饲料效率、先天免疫、抗氧化能力、消化率和抗病能力。植物甾醇的最佳膳食含量水平似乎是 0.2-0.4 毫克/公斤膳食。