In second language (L2) research, the lexical unit is often defined as a base word plus inflectional and derivational forms through Level 6 of Bauer and Nation's framework (WF6). WF6 use has been justified by the assumption that once a form is known, recognition of other WF6 members requires little extra effort. A more lenient view holds that an incomplete understanding of derivational forms is permissible if words containing the most frequent derivational affixes are known. This study assessed the validity of these views for L2 listening. Participants (N = 120) provided translations of 27 base words and 43 related affixational forms when listening. When participants knew one form (either the base word or an affixed form) they also knew the other just 25.1% of the time. For target words containing the most frequent derivational affixes, this was just 26.5%. Logistic regression found that learners’ overall vocabulary level, several aspects of word frequency, and base word knowledge were all significant predictors of knowing affixed forms. However, when other variables were held constant, base word knowledge was a weak predictor of affixational form knowledge. These findings support neither the strict assumption nor the more lenient view of WF6 use for L2 listening among study participants.

中文翻译：

---

日本英语学习者能在听力中理解屈折和派生形式吗？测试词族计数单元的有效性

在第二语言（L2）研究中，词汇单元通常通过 Bauer 和 Nation 框架（WF6）的第 6 级定义为基词加上屈折和派生形式。WF6 的使用已经被证明是基于这样的假设：一旦知道了某种形式，其他 WF6 成员的识别几乎不需要额外的努力。一种更宽松的观点认为，如果包含最常见的派生词缀的单词是已知的，那么对派生形式的不完整理解是允许的。这项研究评估了这些观点对于第二语言听力的有效性。参加者（N = 120）在听力时提供了 27 个基本词和 43 个相关词缀形式的翻译。当参与者知道一种形式（基本词或附加形式）时，他们也知道另一种形式的概率只有 25.1%。对于包含最常见派生词缀的目标词，这一比例仅为 26.5%。逻辑回归发现，学习者的总体词汇水平、词频的几个方面以及基本词知识都是了解附加形式的重要预测因素。然而，当其他变量保持不变时，基本词知识是词缀形式知识的弱预测因子。这些发现既不支持研究参与者将 WF6 用于 L2 听力的严格假设，也不支持更宽松的观点。