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The Name of Thor and the Transmission of Old Norse poetry
Neophilologus Pub Date : 2023-08-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s11061-023-09773-w
Haukur Þorgeirsson

The Old Norse name of the thunder god has the monosyllabic form Þórr in the extant manuscripts. However, one Eddic poem, Hymiskviða, and one skaldic poem, Þórsdrápa, have verses which metrically indicate a disyllabic form with a short first syllable, hypothetically restored as *Þóarr, *Þóurr, *Þonarr or *Þunurr. The existence of such a disyllabic form has been dismissed by recent editors who have resorted to conjectural emendations for the line in Þórsdrápa and mostly ignored the problem in Hymiskviða. When the metrical question is examined in detail, it becomes apparent that there is a great deal of evidence for a disyllabic form. Crucially, Hymiskviða is demonstrably a metrically rigorous poem and both its occurrences of the name Þórr are consistent with a disyllabic form and inconsistent with a monosyllabic form. It is implausible that this is a coincidence. In this case, as in many others, Old Norse poems give us information about linguistic forms which had gone out of use long before the extant manuscripts were written. This is important testimony on the transmission and preservation not only of skaldic poetry but also of Eddic poetry.



中文翻译:

托尔之名与古挪威诗歌的传播

在现存的手稿中,古挪威语中雷神的名字采用单音节形式Þórr 。然而,一首埃迪克诗《Hymiskviða》和一首斯卡尔德诗《Þórsdrápa》的诗句在韵律上表示双音节形式,第一个音节很短,假设恢复为 * Þóarr、 * Þóurr、 * Þonarr或 * Þunurr最近的编辑们已经驳回了这种双音节形式的存在,他们对Þórsdrápa中的台词进行了推测性修正,并且大多忽略了Hymiskviða中的问题。当详细检查韵律问题时,很明显有大量证据表明双音节形式。至关重要的是,《Hymiskviða》显然是一首韵律严谨的诗,其中“Þórr”这个名字的出现既符合双音节形式,又与单音节形式不一致。这是一个巧合,令人难以置信。在这种情况下,就像在其他许多情况下一样,古挪威诗歌为我们提供了有关语言形式的信息,这些信息在现存手稿书写之前很久就已经不再使用。这不仅是斯卡迪诗歌的传播和保存的重要证明,也是埃迪诗歌的传播和保存的重要证明。

更新日期:2023-08-20
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