Purpose

President Trump's tenure was accompanied by a series of protectionist measures that intended to reinvigorate US-based production and make manufacturing supply chains more “local”. Amidst these increasing institutional pressures to localise, and the business uncertainty that ensued, this study investigates the extent to which manufacturers reconfigured their supply bases.

Design/methodology/approach

Bloomberg's Supply Chain Function (SPLC) is used to manually extract data about the direct suppliers of 30 of the largest American manufacturers in terms of market capitalisation. Overall, the raw data comprise 20,100 quantified buyer–supplier relationships that span seven years (2014–2020). The supply base dimensions of spatial complexity, spend concentration and buyer dependence are operationalised by applying appropriate aggregation functions on the raw data. The final dataset is a firm-year panel that is analysed using a random effect (RE) modelling approach and the conditional means of the three dimensions are plotted over time.

Findings

Over the studied timeframe, American manufacturers progressively reduced the spatial complexity of their supply bases and concentrated their purchase spend to fewer suppliers. Contrary to the aims of governmental policies, American manufacturers increased their dependence on foreign suppliers and reduced their dependence on local ones.

Originality/value

The research provides insights into the dynamics of manufacturing supply chains as they adapt to shifting institutional demands.

中文翻译：

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让供应链再次伟大：审视美国制造业供应链的结构性变化

目的

特朗普总统的任期伴随着一系列保护主义措施，旨在重振美国生产并使制造业供应链更加“本地化”。在本土化的制度压力日益增加以及随之而来的商业不确定性的情况下，本研究调查了制造商重新配置其供应基地的程度。

设计/方法论/途径

彭博社的供应链功能 (SPLC) 用于手动提取美国 30 家最大制造商的直接供应商的市值数据。总体而言，原始数据包含 20,100 个量化的买家与供应商关系，时间跨度七年（2014 年至 2020 年）。通过对原始数据应用适当的聚合函数，可以操作空间复杂性、支出集中度和买家依赖性的供应基础维度。最终数据集是一个公司年份面板，使用随机效应 (RE) 建模方法进行分析，并随时间绘制三个维度的条件平均值。

发现

在研究的时间范围内，美国制造商逐渐降低了其供应基地的空间复杂性，并将采购支出集中到更少的供应商。与政府政策的目标相反，美国制造商增加了对外国供应商的依赖，并减少了对本地供应商的依赖。

原创性/价值

该研究提供了对制造业供应链在适应不断变化的制度需求时的动态变化的见解。