At the Museo Campano (Capua, Italy), eight double-relief silver coins belonging to southern Italian poleis and dated between the end of the 5th century and the beginning of the 3rd century BC were analysed. These coins are of great interest to historians and archaeologists because they provide extensive evidence on the monetary history and circulation of coins since the earliest times in the Campania region. Non-invasive in situ analyses were performed using point XRF and MA-XRF measurements and digital microscope photos. These coins were of high fineness. Data analysis methods using ROI imaging, deconvoluted maps, NMF (nonnegative matrix factorization), and k-means were applied on the elemental maps to study the critical surface areas and to compare the effectiveness of different methods not commonly used for coins. These results combined with numismatic studies provided information on the historical context, the alloy used, and cases such as subaerati and restored coins. Important data were obtained on the currencies of the period under review, which will be useful to integrate with the analysis of further samples.

中文翻译：

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对意大利南部铸造的古银币进行 MA-XRF 分析

坎帕诺博物馆（意大利卡普阿）藏有八枚属于意大利南部城邦的双浮雕银币并对公元前 5 世纪末至 3 世纪初之间的历史进行了分析。这些硬币引起了历史学家和考古学家的极大兴趣，因为它们提供了有关坎帕尼亚地区最早时期以来的货币历史和硬币流通的大量证据。使用点 XRF 和 MA-XRF 测量以及数码显微镜照片进行非侵入性原位分析。这些硬币的成色很高。使用 ROI 成像、解卷积图、NMF（非负矩阵分解）和 k 均值的数据分析方法应用于元素图，以研究关键表面积并比较不常用于硬币的不同方法的有效性。这些结果与钱币研究相结合，提供了有关历史背景、所用合金和案例的信息，例如subaerati和修复的硬币。获得了有关审查期间货币的重要数据，这将有助于与进一步样本的分析相结合。