Exosomes have shown great potential in serving as a cancer biomarker over these years since they carry crucial information of their parent cells. Therefore, detection of exosomes is of vital importance to the early-stage diagnostics of multiple major diseases. In this paper, we have proposed a real-time and label-free sensing technique based on 2D Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST) nanomaterial enhanced plasmonic substrate. We have achieved a detection limit down to 10⁴ exosomes/mL based on Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift measurement, which is more than two orders of magnitude superior to conventional SPR sensing techniques. Moreover, the detection of unpurified exosomes directly in cell culture supernatant (CCS) has been successfully demonstrated with a significant experimental GH shift signal of more than 120 μm been detected. Multiple control experiments using exosome-free solutions and control antibody coated substrates have also been performed, which validates the specificity of our device. The proposed plasmonic sensing scheme with enhanced sensing performance has the capability of detecting exosomes at low concentration levels. It also possesses the ability of direct detection of exosomes in CCS, which offers a convenient and efficient platform for exosome detection and analysis. We envision that this technique can serve as a promising tool in early-stage clinical diagnostics and treatment.

近年来，外泌体在作为癌症生物标志物方面显示出巨大的潜力，因为它们携带其母细胞的重要信息。因此，外泌体的检测对于多种重大疾病的早期诊断至关重要。_{在本文中，我们提出了一种基于2D Ge 2} Sb ₂ Te ₅ (GST)纳米材料增强等离子体基底的实时、无标记传感技术。我们的检测限已降至 10 ⁴基于 Goos-Hänchen (GH) 位移测量的外泌体/mL，比传统 SPR 传感技术优越两个数量级以上。此外，已成功证明直接在细胞培养上清液 (CCS) 中检测未纯化的外泌体，检测到超过 120 μm 的显着实验 GH 位移信号。还使用无外泌体溶液和对照抗体包被的基质进行了多次对照实验，这验证了我们设备的特异性。所提出的具有增强传感性能的等离子体传感方案能够检测低浓度水平的外泌体。它还具备在CCS中直接检测外泌体的能力，为外泌体检测和分析提供了便捷高效的平台。