MicroRNA (miR)-130a-3p has been unraveled to exert effects on diabetes. However, the research for probing its role in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is limited. Our study intends to unravel the regulatory effects of miR-130a-3p on DR development via cell division cycle 42 (CDC42). The DR mouse model was established and the serum sample of DR patients was collected. The levels of miR-130a-3p and CDC42 in DR mice and patients were detected. The nucleic acids modified miR-130a-3p or CDC42 were injected into DR mice to examine the change of glucose lipid levels, visual acuity, oxidative response and the distribution and expression of CDC42 in retinal tissues in DR mice. The target relationship between miR-130a-3p and CDC42 was confirmed. MiR-130a-3p expression was reduced while CDC42 levels were elevated in DR (P < 0.05). The upregulation of miR-130a-3p could hinder glucose lipid levels, improve the visual acuity, relieve the oxidative response and decrease CDC42 expression levels in DR mice (P < 0.05). The CDC42 elevation reversed the positive effects of upregulated miR-130a-3p on DR progression (P < 0.05). MiR-130a-3p targeted CDC42. The elevated miR-130a-3p relieves glucose lipid levels and oxidative damage in DR by modulating CDC42. The study provides novel therapeutic targets for DR treatment.

MicroRNA (miR)-130a-3p 已被发现对糖尿病有影响。然而，探讨其在糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）中的作用的研究有限。我们的研究旨在揭示 miR-130a-3p 通过细胞分裂周期 42 (CDC42) 对 DR 发展的调节作用。建立DR小鼠模型并采集DR患者的血清样本。检测DR小鼠和患者中miR-130a-3p和CDC42的水平。将核酸修饰的miR-130a-3p或CDC42注射入DR小鼠体内，检测DR小鼠糖脂水平、视力、氧化反应以及CDC42在视网膜组织中的分布和表达的变化。 miR-130a-3p与CDC42之间的靶关系得到证实。 DR 中 miR-130a-3p 表达降低，而 CDC42 水平升高（P < 0.05）。上调 miR-130a-3p 可以抑制 DR 小鼠的糖脂水平，提高视力，减轻氧化反应，降低 CDC42 表达水平（P < 0.05）。 CDC42 升高逆转了上调的 miR-130a-3p 对 DR 进展的积极影响（P < 0.05）。 MiR-130a-3p 靶向 CDC42。升高的 miR-130a-3p 通过调节 CDC42 减轻 DR 中的糖脂水平和氧化损伤。该研究为 DR 治疗提供了新的治疗靶点。