Most bacteria are neutralophiles but can survive fluctuations in pH in their environment. Herein, we provide an overview of the adaptation of several human, soil, and food bacteria to acid stress, mainly based on next-generation sequencing studies, highlighting common and specific strategies. We also discuss the interplay between acid stress response and antibiotic tolerance, as well as the response of individual cells.

中文翻译：

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细菌酸应激反应：从细胞变化到抗生素耐受性和表型异质性

大多数细菌是嗜中性细菌，但可以在环境 pH 值波动的情况下生存。在此，我们主要基于下一代测序研究，概述了几种人类、土壤和食物细菌对酸胁迫的适应，强调了常见和特定的策略。我们还讨论了酸应激反应和抗生素耐受性之间的相互作用，以及单个细胞的反应。