Variability in rainfall and temperature results in different impacts on agricultural practices. Assessesment of variability and trend of rainfall and temperature for the district of Musanze in Rwanda was conducted using six meteorological stations for a period of 37 years, ranging from 1981 to 2018, and data were obtained from Rwanda Meteorology Agency. Musanze district is located in highland areas of Rwanda, understanding the variability and trend in rainfall and temperature is paramount to increase the uptake of climate information and support strategic orientation. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test and modified Mann–Kendall were used to assess the trend in rainfall and temperature, whereas Sen’s slope estimator was used to assess the magnitude of change. The results from both methods showed much similarity and consistency. The assessment of variability and trend in rainfall and temperature in Musanza district indicated that increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall trends gave an indication of changes in variability and trend in rainfall and temperature. The annual pattern revealed a substantial downward tendency of −25.7% for Nyange, the only station with constant decreasing trend over all seasons, DJF, −61.4%, SON, −12.2%, JJA, −40.3%, and MAM, −4.35. Temperature analysis for both maximum and minimum indicated increasing trend which was signal for constant warming up in the area. The results from coefficient of variation indicated a high disparity in rainfall variation from June to August which ranged between 51 and 74%, and other seasons changes were moderate.

中文翻译：

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评估卢旺达穆桑泽地区降雨量和温度的变化和趋势

降雨量和温度的变化对农业生产产生不同的影响。使用六个气象站对卢旺达穆桑泽地区降雨和温度的变化和趋势进行了评估，为期37年，从1981年到2018年，数据来自卢旺达气象局。穆桑泽区位于卢旺达高原地区，了解降雨和气温的变化和趋势对于增加气候信息的吸收和支持战略方向至关重要。曼-肯德尔非参数检验和修正的曼-肯德尔用于评估降雨和温度的趋势，而森斜率估计器用于评估变化的幅度。两种方法的结果显示出很大的相似性和一致性。对穆桑扎地区降雨量和温度的变化和趋势的评估表明，气温升高和降雨量减少趋势表明了降雨量和温度的变化和趋势的变化。年度模式显示，Nyange 呈显着下降趋势，为-25.7%，是唯一一个在所有季节都有持续下降趋势的电台，DJF，-61.4%，SON，-12.2%，JJA，-40.3%，MAM，-4.35。最高和最低温度分析表明呈上升趋势，这是该地区持续变暖的信号。变异系数结果表明，6月至8月降水量变化悬殊较大，在51%至74%之间，其他季节变化不大。