The multiscale evaluation method is applied to assess the influence of detailed geometric modeling of trees on their macroscopic attenuation effect against tsunami-like flow. Specifically, we conduct a series of numerical flow tests (NFTs), i.e., 3D flow simulations in a local test domain (LTD), under various inflow conditions to evaluate the macroscopic flow characteristics in the LTD accommodating an array of either simple cylinder or detailed tree models that mimic a coastal forest. After the procedure of NFTs in the multiscale evaluation method is briefly summarized and the corresponding governing equations and analysis conditions are presented, we introduce two indices for evaluating the macroscopic flow characteristics within the framework of multiscale modeling. Based on the NFT results, we discuss how the modeling scheme for trees influences the macroscopic flow characteristics in terms of these indices and clarify the microscopic mechanisms that influence the macroscopic attenuation property. Additionally, the NFT results are compared with the experimental results to justify these discussions, and key factors are explored in terms of reproducing real phenomena. In addition, to apply the multiscale evaluation method to assess the disaster mitigation performance of various types of ecosystems in a realistic situation, we discuss under what circumstances and with what level of detail vegetation should be modeled.

中文翻译：

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沿海森林多尺度评估所需详细几何建模的流动条件

采用多尺度评估方法来评估树木的详细几何模型对其对海啸流的宏观衰减效果的影响。具体来说，我们在各种流入条件下进行了一系列数值流动测试（NFT），即局部测试域（LTD）中的3D流动模拟，以评估LTD中的宏观流动特性，该LTD可容纳一组简单圆柱体或详细的圆柱体模仿沿海森林的树木模型。在简要总结了多尺度评价方法中NFT的流程并给出了相应的控制方程和分析条件后，我们引入了在多尺度建模框架内评价​​宏观流动特性的两个指标。根据 NFT 结果，我们讨论了树木建模方案如何根据这些指标影响宏观流动特性，并阐明影响宏观衰减特性的微观机制。此外，还将 NFT 结果与实验结果进行比较来证明这些讨论的合理性，并在再现真实现象方面探索关键因素。此外，为了应用多尺度评估方法来评估现实情况下各类生态系统的减灾绩效，我们讨论了在什么情况下以及以何种详细程度对植被进行建模。将 NFT 结果与实验结果进行比较来证明这些讨论的合理性，并在再现真实现象方面探索关键因素。此外，为了应用多尺度评价方法来评估现实情况下各类生态系统的减灾绩效，我们讨论了在什么情况下以及以何种详细程度进行植被建模。将 NFT 结果与实验结果进行比较来证明这些讨论的合理性，并在再现真实现象方面探索关键因素。此外，为了应用多尺度评价方法来评估现实情况下各类生态系统的减灾绩效，我们讨论了在什么情况下以及以何种详细程度进行植被建模。