In recent years, low-temperature plasma-assisted processes, featuring high reaction efficiency and wide application scope, have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional methods for biomass valorization. It is well established that charged species, chemically energetic molecules and radicals, and highly active photons playing key roles during processing. This review presents the major applications of low-temperature plasma for biomass conversion in terms of (i) pretreatment of biomass, (ii) chemo fractionation of biomass into value-added chemicals, and (iii) synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst for further chemo-catalytic conversion. The pretreatment of biomass is the first and foremost step for biomass upgrading to facilitate raw biomass transformation, which reduces the crystallinity, purification, and delignification. The chemo-catalytic conversion of biomass involves primary reactions to various kinds of target products, such as hydrolysis, hydrogenation, retro-aldol condensation and so on. Finally, recent researches on plasma-assisted chemo-catalysis as well as heterogeneous catalysts fabricated via low-temperature plasma at relatively mild condition were introduced. These catalysts were reported with comparable performance for biomass conversion to other state-of-the-art catalysts prepared using conventional methods.

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低温等离子体技术在生物精炼过程中的最新进展

近年来，低温等离子体辅助工艺具有反应效率高、应用范围广的特点，已成为传统生物质增值方法的有前景的替代方法。众所周知，带电物质、化学高能分子和自由基以及高活性光子在加工过程中发挥着关键作用。本综述介绍了低温等离子体在生物质转化中的主要应用，包括（i）生物质的预处理，（ii）生物质的化学分馏为增值化学品，以及（iii）用于进一步化学催化的多相催化剂的合成转换。生物质的预处理是生物质升级的第一步，也是最重要的一步，以促进生物质转化，从而降低结晶度、纯化和脱木质素。生物质的化学催化转化涉及各种目标产物的初级反应，如水解、氢化、逆羟醛缩合等。最后，介绍了等离子体辅助化学催化以及在相对温和的条件下通过低温等离子体制备多相催化剂的最新研究成果。据报道，这些催化剂在生物质转化方面的性能与使用传统方法制备的其他最先进的催化剂相当。