Welfare generosity is a multidimensional concept that refers to both the access to benefits and the levels of benefits (in terms of the amounts paid to recipients). However, in analyses of public support for welfare, this distinction has been largely disregarded. To gain a fuller picture of attitudes towards welfare redistribution, the current study explicitly compares the two elements and examines which distributive justice principles—that is, equality, equity, and need—are preferred to govern, on the one hand, the access to benefits and, on the other hand, their levels. The article evaluates this distinction in two different distributive contexts (pensions and unemployment benefits) and contrasts social-structural as well as ideological dividing lines. For this purpose, data from the Belgian National Elections Study 2019 are analysed. The results indicate that the access to and levels of benefits are clearly distinct dimensions in public opinion, as different justice principles are preferred for the two policy dimensions. In addition, structural equation models illustrate that the access dimension is more ideologically structured, whereas preferences regarding the levels of benefits are more strongly stratified along social-structural lines. Overall, the results imply that social justice preferences are clearly different when considering the access to benefits or their level. This distinction should be taken into account in welfare attitude research.

中文翻译：

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福利慷慨的两个方面：比较福利待遇获取和水平方面的正义偏好

福利慷慨是一个多维概念，既指获得福利的机会，也指福利水平（以支付给接受者的金额计算）。然而，在对公共福利支持的分析中，这种区别在很大程度上被忽视了。为了更全面地了解人们对福利再分配的态度，当前的研究明确比较了这两个要素，并检验了哪些分配正义原则（即平等、公平和需要）更倾向于支配，一方面，获得福利的机会另一方面，他们的水平。本文在两种不同的分配背景（养老金和失业救济金）中评估了这种区别，并对比了社会结构和意识形态的分界线。为此，对 2019 年比利时全国选举研究的数据进行了分析。结果表明，公众舆论中福利的获取和水平显然是不同的维度，因为这两个政策维度偏好不同的正义原则。此外，结构方程模型表明，获取维度更具意识形态结构，而关于福利水平的偏好则更强烈地沿着社会结构线分层。总体而言，结果表明，在考虑获得福利的机会或其水平时，社会正义偏好明显不同。在福利态度研究中应考虑到这种区别。结构方程模型表明，获取维度更具意识形态结构，而关于福利水平的偏好则更沿着社会结构线分层。总体而言，结果表明，在考虑获得福利的机会或其水平时，社会正义偏好明显不同。在福利态度研究中应考虑到这种区别。结构方程模型表明，获取维度更具意识形态结构，而关于福利水平的偏好则更沿着社会结构线分层。总体而言，结果表明，在考虑获得福利的机会或其水平时，社会正义偏好明显不同。在福利态度研究中应考虑到这种区别。