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Tidal asymmetry and transition in the Singapore Strait revealed by GNSS interferometric reflectometry
Geoscience Letters ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 , DOI: 10.1186/s40562-023-00294-7
Dongju Peng , Kit Ying Soon , Victor H. S. Khoo , Evert Mulder , Poh Weng Wong , Emma M. Hill

The Singapore Strait is located at the transition between the dominantly semidiurnal Indian Ocean and the mixed-to-diurnal South China Sea, resulting in complex tidal dynamics. In this work, we use sea-level estimates from two coastal Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations and one tide gauge to study tides and tidal asymmetry in the Strait. We first generate sea-level measurements from GNSS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data using the GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry technique, which can estimate sea-surface heights from a coastal GNSS station. Second, we perform tidal harmonic analysis and quantify tidal asymmetry based on the skewness method. Finally, we examine seasonal sea-level changes in the Strait from GNSS SNR data, tide-gauge records and satellite altimetry. Our results reveal an increase in M2 and S2 amplitudes toward the west of the Strait and a decrease in the K1 and O1 amplitudes. Our results also show that tides at the two sites in the east are ebb dominant with asymmetry originating from the O1–K1–M2 triad by astronomical forcing, whereas tidal asymmetry at the site in the west is flood dominant and mainly caused by non-linear interaction of the major tidal constituents. Analysis of seasonal sea-level changes shows that annual amplitudes in the east are around 13.6 cm, and 6.7 cm in the west. A possible explanation for the discrepancy in the amplitudes is the effect of seasonal monsoon winds flowing from the South China Sea.

中文翻译:

GNSS 干涉反射仪揭示新加坡海峡潮汐不对称和转变

新加坡海峡位于半昼夜的印度洋和混合昼夜的南海之间的过渡地带,导致复杂的潮汐动力学。在这项工作中,我们使用两个沿海全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 站和一个验潮仪的海平面估计来研究海峡的潮汐和潮汐不对称性。我们首先使用 GNSS 干涉反射测量技术根据 GNSS 信噪比 (SNR) 数据生成海平面测量值,该技术可以从沿海 GNSS 站估计海面高度。其次,我们进行潮汐谐波分析并基于偏斜度方法量化潮汐不对称性。最后,我们根据 GNSS SNR 数据、潮汐计记录和卫星测高来检查海峡的季节性海平面变化。我们的结果显示,海峡以西的 M2 和 S2 振幅增加,而 K1 和 O1 振幅减少。我们的结果还表明,东部两个站点的潮汐以落潮为主,不对称源于天文强迫的O1-K1-M2三合一,而西部站点的潮汐不对称以洪水为主,主要由非线性引起主要潮汐成分的相互作用。海平面季节变化分析表明,东部年变幅在13.6厘米左右,西部年变幅在6.7厘米左右。振幅差异的一个可能解释是来自南海的季节性季风的影响。我们的结果还表明,东部两个站点的潮汐以落潮为主,不对称源于天文强迫的O1-K1-M2三合一,而西部站点的潮汐不对称以洪水为主,主要由非线性引起主要潮汐成分的相互作用。海平面季节变化分析表明,东部年变幅在13.6厘米左右,西部年变幅在6.7厘米左右。振幅差异的一个可能解释是来自南海的季节性季风的影响。我们的结果还表明,东部两个站点的潮汐以落潮为主,不对称源于天文强迫的O1-K1-M2三合一,而西部站点的潮汐不对称以洪水为主,主要由非线性引起主要潮汐成分的相互作用。海平面季节变化分析表明,东部年变幅在13.6厘米左右,西部年变幅在6.7厘米左右。振幅差异的一个可能解释是来自南海的季节性季风的影响。西7厘米。振幅差异的一个可能解释是来自南海的季节性季风的影响。西7厘米。振幅差异的一个可能解释是来自南海的季节性季风的影响。
更新日期:2023-08-26
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