Informed by decades of literature, water interventions increasingly deploy “gender-sensitive” or even “gender transformative” approaches that seek to redress the disproportionate harms women face from water insecurity. These efforts recognize the role of gendered social norms and unequal power relations but often focus narrowly on the differences and dynamics between cisgender (cis) men and women. This approach renders less visible the ways that living with water insecurity can differentially affect all individuals through the dynamics of gender, sexuality, and linked intersecting identities. Here, we first share a conceptual toolkit that explains gender as fluid, negotiated, and diverse beyond the cis-binary. Using this as a starting point, we then review what is known and can be theorized from current literature, identifying limited observations from water-insecure communities to identify examples of contexts where gendered mechanisms (such as social norms) differentiate experiences of water insecurity, such as elevating risks of social stigma, physical harm, or psychological distress. We then apply this approach to consider expanded ways to include transgender, non-binary, and gender and sexual diversity to deepen, nuance and expand key thematics and approaches for water insecurity research. Reconceptualizing gender in these ways widens theoretical possibilities, changes how we collect data, and imagines new possibilities for effective and just water interventions.

中文翻译：

---

性别认同、水不安全和风险：重新理论化水不安全研究性别包容工具包的联系

根据数十年的文献，水干预措施越来越多地采用“性别敏感”甚至“性别变革”的方法，试图纠正妇女因水不安全而面临的不成比例的伤害。这些努力认识到性别社会规范和不平等权力关系的作用，但往往狭隘地关注顺性别（cis）男性和女性之间的差异和动态。这种方法使得生活在水不安全的情况下通过性别、性行为和相关的交叉身份的动态对所有个人产生不同影响的方式变得不那么明显。在这里，我们首先分享一个概念工具包，它将性别解释为流动的、协商的和超越顺二元的多样性。以此为起点，我们回顾了现有文献中已知的和可以理论化的内容，确定了来自水不安全社区的有限观察结果，以确定性别机制（例如社会规范）区分水不安全经历的背景示例，例如增加社会耻辱、身体伤害或心理困扰的风险。然后，我们应用这种方法来考虑扩展方法，将跨性别、非二元性别、性别和性别多样性纳入其中，以深化、细致化和扩展水不安全研究的关键主题和方法。以这些方式重新概念化性别拓宽了理论可能性，改变了我们收集数据的方式，并想象了有效和公正的水干预的新可能性。