Studies involving the analysis of objective data from online operators attempt to address common concerns about biases in self-report research. This paper surveys the progress in this area of research over the last 15 years. The findings highlight many areas of achievement, including: the development of a set of behavioural markers that reliably differentiate variations in gambler risk. Online gamblers can be grouped into clusters based on the intensity and frequency of gambling; behavioural variability; or, signs of over-commitment (e.g., deposit frequency or expenditure patterns). Behavioural indicators have also been successfully used to predict proxies of harm such as self-exclusion or account closures. However, relatively few studies have combined objective data with self-report data to achieve independent validation of the risk-status of gamblers. Evidence also supports the potential value of short-term responsible gambling interventions involving the use of voluntary and mandatory limits, messages and behavioural feedback. Less work has, on the other hand, addressed the comparative risk of different online gambling products. The findings suggest the need for further validation of findings against independent measures of gambling risk; consistent definitions of indicators; a greater focus on the differentiation of product risk; and, on the long-term impact of RG interventions.

涉及对在线运营商的客观数据进行分析的研究试图解决人们对自我报告研究中存在偏见的普遍担忧。本文综述了过去 15 年这一研究领域的进展。研究结果突出了许多领域的成就，包括：开发了一套行为标记，可以可靠地区分赌徒风险的变化。在线赌徒可以根据赌博的强度和频率分为几类；行为变异性；或者，过度承诺的迹象（例如存款频率或支出模式）。行为指标也已成功用于预测自我排除或帐户关闭等伤害代理。然而，将客观数据与自我报告数据结合起来以实现对赌徒风险状况的独立验证的研究相对较少。证据还支持短期负责任赌博干预措施的潜在价值，包括使用自愿和强制性限制、信息和行为反馈。另一方面，较少的工作解决了不同在线赌博产品的比较风险。研究结果表明需要根据赌博风险的独立衡量标准进一步验证研究结果；指标定义一致；更加注重产品风险的差异化；以及 RG 干预措施的长期影响。