Although suicide is a pervasive public health issue, strong predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs, e.g., passive or active suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, etc.) are lacking. Theory suggests that attentional processes, such as attentional bias and attentional control, may contribute to STBs. Specifically, among individuals with suicidal ideation, attentional biases towards suicide-related information may increase distress. This combined with the inability to disengage and shift attention away from suicidal thoughts (i.e., deficits in attentional control) might contribute to increased risk for negative outcomes (i.e., non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal behavior). Despite this notion, there has been limited research examining associations between attentional risk factors and STBs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to examine possible associations between attentional biases and STBs and attentional control and STBs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and a total of 20 articles were retained for this meta-analysis. A small, but significant relationship was observed between attentional bias and STBs (r = .09, 95% CI: .06, .13), but not attentional control and STBs (r = -.04, 95% CI: -.21, .12). The limited number of studies identified, and therefore low power, precluded moderator analyses from being conducted. Moreover, additional experimental and longitudinal research with diverse assessments of attentional risk factors is needed. Despite these limitations, the present study provides preliminary evidence for the association between attentional bias and STBs.

尽管自杀是一个普遍的公共卫生问题，但缺乏自杀想法和行为（STB，例如被动或主动自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀企图等）的强有力预测因素。理论表明，注意力过程，例如注意力偏差和注意力控制，可能会导致 STB。具体来说，在有自杀意念的人中，对自杀相关信息的注意力偏差可能会增加痛苦。再加上无法摆脱自杀念头并转移注意力（即注意力控制缺陷），可能会增加出现负面结果（即非自杀性自残、自杀行为）的风险。尽管存在这种观点，但对注意力风险因素与 STB 之间关联的研究仍然有限。所以，本研究的目的是进行荟萃分析，以检验注意力偏差与 STB 以及注意力控制与 STB 之间可能存在的关联。进行了全面的文献检索，总共保留了 20 篇文章用于本次荟萃分析。在注意力偏差和 STB 之间观察到微小但显着的关系（r  = .09, 95% CI: .06, .13)，但不包括注意力控制和 STB ( r  = -.04, 95% CI: -.21, .12)。确定的研究数量有限，因此功效较低，无法进行调节分析。此外，还需要进行额外的实验和纵向研究，对注意力风险因素进行不同的评估。尽管存在这些局限性，本研究仍为注意力偏差与 STB 之间的关联提供了初步证据。