Over the past decade, reform efforts in the area of collateral consequences of conviction have succeeded in emancipating themselves from standard discourses and dynamics in the US criminal legal reform space. This article draws on concepts and insights from the literature on penal transformation to explore the unique interplay of goals and values that have led to recent collateral consequences reforms. It identifies three major drivers of change that have had a significant impact, particularly, on softening occupational licensing restrictions for individuals with a criminal history and passing criminal record clearance legislation. First, advocates of the economic libertarian agenda joined forces with civil libertarian groups to reduce occupational licensing hurdles for criminal record holders. Second, an attitude promoting redemption and second chances through criminal record clearance reform has been championed, in particular, by the Christian right. Third, economic concerns by employers seeking to hire individuals with a criminal record have become more pronounced in tight labor markets, both pre- and post-pandemic. The analysis concludes that, although much remains to be done, ongoing reforms represent a significant reshaping of the collateral consequences landscape. A logic of unworthiness toward individuals with criminal records, however, remains hard to eradicate and can easily resurface in the current unstable phase of penal transition.

中文翻译：

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重塑刑罚转型时期的目标和价值观：附带后果改革空间中刑罚变化的动态

过去十年来，定罪附带后果领域的改革努力成功地摆脱了美国刑事法律改革领域的标准话语和动态。本文借鉴刑法改革文献中的概念和见解，探讨了导致最近附带后果改革的目标和价值观之间独特的相互作用。它确定了产生重大影响的三个主要变革驱动因素，特别是在放宽对有犯罪记录的个人的职业许可限制和通过犯罪记录清除立法方面。首先，经济自由主义议程的倡导者与公民自由主义团体联手，减少犯罪记录持有者的职业许可障碍。第二，通过犯罪记录清理改革促进救赎和第二次机会的态度得到了特别是基督教右翼的拥护。第三，在大流行之前和之后，在劳动力市场紧张的情况下，寻求雇用有犯罪记录的个人的雇主对经济的担忧变得更加明显。分析得出的结论是，尽管仍有许多工作要做，但正在进行的改革代表着对附带后果格局的重大重塑。然而，对有犯罪记录的个人不配的逻辑仍然难以根除，并且在当前刑法过渡的不稳定阶段很容易重新出现。在大流行之前和之后，在劳动力市场紧张的情况下，寻求雇用有犯罪记录的个人的雇主对经济的担忧变得更加明显。分析得出的结论是，尽管仍有许多工作要做，但正在进行的改革代表着对附带后果格局的重大重塑。然而，对有犯罪记录的个人不配的逻辑仍然难以根除，并且在当前刑法过渡的不稳定阶段很容易重新出现。在大流行之前和之后，在劳动力市场紧张的情况下，寻求雇用有犯罪记录的个人的雇主对经济的担忧变得更加明显。分析得出的结论是，尽管仍有许多工作要做，但正在进行的改革代表着对附带后果格局的重大重塑。然而，对有犯罪记录的个人不配的逻辑仍然难以根除，并且在当前刑法过渡的不稳定阶段很容易重新出现。