Does anti-Black racism harm White Americans? We advance hypotheses that address this question within the neighborhood context. Hypotheses are tested with neighborhood and survey data from a probability sample of White residents of Nashville, Tennessee. We find that regardless of neighborhood crime rates or socioeconomic compositions, Whites report heightened perceptions of crime and danger in their neighborhoods as the proportion of Black residents increases. Perceived neighborhood danger, in turn, predicts increased symptoms of psychophysiological distress. When stratified by socioeconomic status (SES), however, low-SES Whites also report perceptions of higher status when living near more Black neighbors, which entirely offsets their distress. We conclude that although anti-Black racism can ironically harm the health of White Americans, compensatory racist ideologies can also offset these harms, particularly for lower-status Whites. We situate our findings within broader discussions of anti-Black racism, residential segregation, and psychiatric disorders commonly observed among White Americans.

中文翻译：

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对黑人社区的恐惧：反黑人种族主义和美国白人的健康

反黑人种族主义会伤害美国白人吗？我们提出了在邻里背景下解决这个问题的假设。使用来自田纳西州纳什维尔白人居民的概率样本的邻里和调查数据来检验假设。我们发现，无论社区犯罪率或社会经济构成如何，随着黑人居民比例的增加，白人对社区犯罪和危险的看法也会增强。反过来，感知到的邻里危险预示着心理生理困扰症状的增加。然而，当按照社会经济地位（SES）进行分层时，低社会经济地位的白人在居住在更多黑人邻居附近时也会认为自己的地位更高，这完全抵消了他们的痛苦。我们的结论是，尽管反黑人种族主义可能会讽刺地损害美国白人的健康，补偿性种族主义意识形态也可以抵消这些伤害，特别是对于地位较低的白人。我们将我们的发现置于更广泛的讨论中，包括反黑人种族主义、居住隔离和美国白人中常见的精神疾病。