Stem cells are the foundational cells for every organ and tissue in our body. Cell-based therapeutics using stem cells in regenerative medicine have received attracting attention as a possible treatment for various diseases caused by congenital defects. Stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as well as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and neuroprogenitors stem cells (NSCs) have recently been studied in various ways as a cell-based therapeutic agent. When various stem cells are transplanted into a living body, they can differentiate and perform complex functions. For stem cell transplantation, it is essential to determine the suitability of the stem cell-based treatment by evaluating the origin of stem, the route of administration, in vivo bio-distribution, transplanted cell survival, function, and mobility. Currently, these various stem cells are being imaged in vivo through various molecular imaging methods. Various imaging modalities such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been introduced for the application of various stem cell imaging. In this review, we discuss the principles and recent advances of in vivo molecular imaging for application of stem cell research.

中文翻译：

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体内干细胞成像原理和应用。

干细胞是我们身体每个器官和组织的基础细胞。再生医学中使用干细胞的细胞疗法作为治疗先天性缺陷引起的各种疾病的可能方法而受到关注。干细胞如诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）以及胚胎干细胞（ESC）、间充质干细胞（MSC）和神经祖细胞干细胞（NSC）最近作为基于细胞的治疗剂进行了各种研究。当各种干细胞被移植到活体中时，它们可以分化并执行复杂的功能。对于干细胞移植，必须通过评估干细胞的起源、给药途径、体内生物分布、移植细胞的存活、功能和流动性来确定干细胞治疗的适用性。目前，这些不同的干细胞正在通过各种分子成像方法进行体内成像。各种成像模式，如光学成像、磁共振成像（MRI）、超声（US）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）已被引入各种干细胞成像的应用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了体内分子成像在干细胞研究中的应用的原理和最新进展。