Abstract

The article reports the results of a pot experiment concerning the effect of the genus Pseudomonas bacteria on fractional composition of nickel compounds in artificially contaminated agro-gray soil and on spring wheat yield. The experimental design included the following variants: without the use of nickel and bacteria; with introduction of nickel without bacteria application; and with introduction of nickel and bacterium P. fluorescens strain 20, nickel and bacterium P. fluorescens strain 21, and nickel and bacterium P. putida strain 23. Plants were grown to the booting stage in the presence of NiCl₂ · 6H₂O contamination at a dose of 300 Ni/kg of soil against NPK fertilization. Nickel distribution in soil was investigated in fractions isolated using a method of the sequential selective extractions. A technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used to determine nickel content in plants after digestion in mixture of HNO₃ : HClO₄ (2 : 1) and in soil fractions. Application of the bacteria enhanced plant resistance to elevated nickel concentration and improved yield by significantly reducing heavy metal phytotoxicity. Nickel content also increased in exchangeable and specifically sorbed fractions and, to a lesser extent, in fractions associated with organic matter and ferrous minerals and decreased in residual fraction. Bacteria promoted nickel uptake from soil by plant shoots largely due to the improved yield, without changing or increasing a content of the metal in plants. Thus, application of the bacteria enhanced phytoextraction, that is, cleanup of heavy metal contaminated soil. Nickel uptake by plants was increased due to increase in its bioavailability, in exchangeable and specifically sorbed fractions in particular.

中文翻译：

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重金属污染土壤根际促生菌施用下土壤镍化合物的组成及其在植物体内的积累

摘要

本文报道了关于假单胞菌属细菌对人工污染的农业灰土中镍化合物分数组成和春小麦产量影响的盆栽实验结果。实验设计包括以下变体：不使用镍和细菌；引入镍而不使用细菌；并引入镍和细菌荧光假单胞菌菌株20、镍和细菌荧光假单胞菌菌株21、以及镍和细菌恶臭假单胞菌菌株23。在NiCl ₂ ·6H ₂存在下使植物生长至孕穗期氮磷钾施肥中，土壤剂量为 300 Ni/kg 时的 O 污染。使用连续选择性提取方法对分离的部分中的镍分布进行了研究。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了HNO ₃ : HClO _{4混合物消化后植物中镍的含量。}(2 : 1) 和土壤部分。该细菌的应用增强了植物对高镍浓度的抵抗力，并通过显着降低重金属植物毒性提高了产量。可交换和特定吸附部分中的镍含量也有所增加，与有机质和含铁矿物有关的部分中的镍含量也有所增加，而残余部分中的镍含量有所减少。细菌促进植物芽从土壤中吸收镍，很大程度上是由于产量的提高，而不改变或增加植物中金属的含量。因此，细菌的应用增强了植物提取，即重金属污染土壤的净化。由于镍的生物利用度增加，特别是可交换和特异性吸附的部分，植物对镍的吸收增加。