Trauma is the leading cause of death in pediatric patients, and hemorrhagic shock accounts for approximately 30% of deaths.1 2 Hemodynamic instability as hypotension and tachycardia, tachypnea, and alterations in mental status represent the clinical signs of suspected hemorrhage. However, the diagnosis in the pediatric population is a challenge because baseline blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate values can vary significantly in different age groups. Indeed, in the pediatric population, the robust sympathetic response to hypovolemia is able to sustain normal blood pressure values until up to 25% of circulating blood volume has been depleted.3 Hemoglobin (Hb) monitoring is routinely performed with multiple blood samples for conventional laboratory Hb testing during hospitalisation. In the adult population, it was estimated that for every 1 mL of blood removed, Hb concentration and hematocrit dropped by 0.07 g/L and 0.019%, respectively.4 Because in pediatric patients blood volume is less than in adults (estimated blood volume 80 mL/kg) and most analyzers are designed for standard adult tubes requiring a blood volume of 5–7 mL,5 multiple blood samples can cause iatrogenic anemia. Moreover, in the case of intra-abdominal blood loss related to solid organ injury, the subtle decline in Hb caused by samples may contribute to additional imaging, testing, or blood transfusions. Continuous non-invasive hemoglobin (SpHb) monitoring may represent a potential solution, facilitating the earlier detection of acute decompensation in pediatric trauma patients and allowing more rapid interventions. SpHb is based on pulse CO-Oximetry and uses multiwavelength technology, providing continuous, non-invasive measurement of Hb. After …

中文翻译：

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儿科创伤环境中的连续无创血红蛋白监测

创伤是儿科患者死亡的主要原因，失血性休克约占死亡的 30%。1 2 血流动力学不稳定，如低血压、心动过速、呼吸急促和精神状态改变代表疑似出血的临床体征。然而，儿科人群的诊断是一个挑战，因为不同年龄组的基线血压、心率和呼吸频率值可能存在显着差异。事实上，在儿科人群中，对低血容量的强烈交感神经反应能够维持正常的血压值，直到循环血量耗尽 25%。3 传统实验室通常使用多个血液样本进行血红蛋白 (Hb) 监测住院期间进行 Hb 检测。在成年人群中，估计每抽取 1 mL 血液，血红蛋白浓度和血细胞比容分别下降 0.07 g/L 和 0.019%。4 因为儿科患者的血容量低于成人（估计血容量 80 mL/kg），大多数分析仪设计用于需要 5-7 mL 血容量的标准成人试管，5 多个血液样本可能导致医源性贫血。此外，在与实体器官损伤相关的腹腔内失血的情况下，样本引起的血红蛋白轻微下降可能有助于额外的成像、测试或输血。连续无创血红蛋白（SpHb）监测可能是一种潜在的解决方案，有助于及早发现儿科创伤患者的急性失代偿，并允许更快速的干预措施。SpHb 基于脉搏碳氧血氧饱和度测定法并采用多波长技术，可提供连续、非侵入性的 Hb 测量。后 …