This study investigated the effect of oral bovine serum albumin (BSA) on plasma amino acid profile and growth performance in blunt snout bream fed high-fat and high-energy diets. A total of 360 fish (average weight: 45.84 ± 0.07 g) were randomly divided into three groups in four replicates and fed with the control, high-fat diet (HFD), and high-energy diet (HED), respectively. After 12 weeks of feeding, fish were orally administered with 10% BSA for 10 h, with the blood and liver sample obtained at 10 h. The results showed no remarkable difference (p > 0.05) in final weight, weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and daily growth rate among dietary treatments. However, fish fed HFD and HED obtained significantly higher energy and nitrogen retention content than the control. Plasma valine and histidine content were more prevalent in fish fed the control diet than in HFD and HED groups. However, BSA significantly enhanced this content with higher values observed in arginine and alanine content than in control diets at 10 h. Significantly higher liver and plasma Aspartate aminotransferase, Xanthine oxidase, and Glutamate dehydrogenase content were found in the HFD than in the control group. However, the administration of BSA at 10 h improved these parameters similar to the control. Meanwhile, protease, Lipase, aminopeptidase N, carboxypeptidase A, and Na⁺ K⁺-ATPase were influenced significantly (p < 0.001) by sampling time, dietary treatments, and their interaction. Fish fed with the HFD and HED significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) the akt, bcat2, 4e-bp1, s6k1, and tor expression compared to the control. However, BSA administration at 10 h improved these genes similar to the control. This study indicated that oral BSA administration could benefit plasma amino acid through the TOR signaling pathway in blunt snout bream fed high-fat and high-energy diets.

中文翻译：

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口服牛血清白蛋白通过 TOR 信号通路改善高脂肪和高能量饮食的钝吻鲂的血浆氨基酸谱

本研究调查了口服牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) 对饲喂高脂肪和高能量饲料的钝吻鲂血浆氨基酸谱和生长性能的影响。将360条鱼（平均体重：45.84±0.07 g）随机分为3组，每组4个重复，分别饲喂对照、高脂饲料（HFD）和高能量饲料（HED）。饲养12周后，给鱼口服10% BSA 10 h，并在10 h采集血液和肝脏样本。结果显示， 日粮处理间的最终体重、增重率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率比和日生长率无显着差异（ p >0.05）。然而，饲喂 HFD 和 HED 的鱼获得的能量和氮保留含量显着高于对照。与 HFD 和 HED 组相比，对照饲料组的鱼血浆缬氨酸和组氨酸含量更高。然而，BSA 显着提高了该含量，10 小时时观察到的精氨酸和丙氨酸含量高于对照饮食。 HFD 组的肝脏和血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶含量显着高于对照组。然而，在 10 小时施用 BSA 改善了这些参数，与对照类似。同时，蛋白酶、脂肪酶、氨肽酶 N、羧肽酶 A 和 Na ⁺ K ⁺ -ATP 酶 受到采样时间、饮食处理及其相互作用的显着影响 ( p < 0.001)。与对照相比，用 HFD 和 HED 喂养的鱼显着下调 ( p  < 0.05) akt、bcat2、4e-bp1、s6k1和tor表达。然而，与对照类似，10 小时施用 BSA 改善了这些基因。这项研究表明，在喂食高脂肪和高能量饮食的钝吻鳊鱼中，口服 BSA 可以通过 TOR 信号通路使血浆氨基酸受益。