Abstract

Malinvaud’s reconsideration of the theory of unemployment emphasises the distinction between classical and Keynesian unemployment equilibria, associating the former with excessive real wages and the latter with deficient effective demand. This distinction suggests a close proximity with the one established by Keynes between voluntary and involuntary unemployment. However, Malinvaud’s typology concerns two mutually exclusive regimes, whereas Keynes’s typology concerns two coexisting unemployment categories. Besides, the former rests on the implicit view of price rigidity as the troublemaker and of price flexibility as the ultimate policy target, whereas the latter follows from the opposition between refusal to cooperate and inability to coordinate, and points to different policy strategies.

摘要

马林沃对失业理论的重新思考强调了古典失业均衡与凯恩斯主义失业均衡之间的区别，将前者与过高的实际工资联系起来，后者与不足的有效需求联系在一起。这种区别表明与凯恩斯在自愿失业和非自愿失业之间建立的区别非常接近。然而，马林沃的类型学涉及两种相互排斥的制度，而凯恩斯的类型学涉及两种共存的失业类别。此外，前者隐含着价格刚性是麻烦制造者、价格灵活性是最终政策目标的观点，而后者则源于拒绝合作与无法协调之间的对立，并指出了不同的政策策略。