Nitrogen is an essential element for life on Earth. It is necessary for the production of food and feed, but excess nitrogen in nature leads to environmental problems such as eutrophication and climate change. To mitigate the negative impact of excess nitrogen, it is crucial to adopt sustainable and circular nitrogen management practices, such as nitrogen recycling from biowaste. Black soldier fly (BSF) biowaste treatment offers new possibilities for sustainable waste management and protein production, converting biowaste into protein-rich biomass and nutrient-rich residue. Understanding the nitrogen conversion efficiency (NCE) of BSF during biowaste treatment is essential for optimizing the process and minimizing nitrogen losses. Additionally, this review examines nitrogen emissions during BSF biowaste treatment, particularly NH₃ and N₂O, emphasizing the importance of adopting mitigation strategies for sustainable waste management practices. The potential of insects, especially BSF, in N recycling and waste management holds promise for addressing the challenges of sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.

氮是地球上生命的必需元素。它是食品和饲料生产所必需的，但自然界中过量的氮会导致富营养化等环境问题和气候变化。为了减轻过量氮的负面影响，采用可持续和循环的氮管理实践至关重要，例如从生物废物中回收氮。黑水虻 (BSF) 生物废物处理为可持续废物管理和蛋白质生产提供了新的可能性，将生物废物转化为富含蛋白质的生物质和营养丰富的残留物。了解生物废物处理过程中 BSF 的氮转化效率 (NCE) 对于优化工艺和最大限度减少氮损失至关重要。此外，本综述还检查了 BSF 生物废物处理过程中的氮排放，特别是 NH ₃和 N ₂O，强调采取可持续废物管理实践缓解策略的重要性。昆虫（尤其是 BSF）在氮回收和废物管理方面的潜力有望解决可持续农业和环境保护的挑战。