The lesser spot-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus petaurista) is a widely distributed West African guenon, which is generally considered less vulnerable to local extinctions than many sympatric primate species. Guinea-Bissau harbours the westernmost populations of the species, which is thought to be very rare or even extinct on the mainland, but to have putative populations on some islands of the Bijagós Archipelago. However, due to a lack of regional studies, baseline information on these insular populations is missing. We collected baseline data on the anthropogenic activities that possibly threaten the long-term conservation of this primate by using non-systematic ethnographic methodologies. The species was reported to be decreasing in number or rare by locals on two of the islands, and we identified two main conservation threats to it: generalised habitat loss/degradation, and hunting. While subsistence hunting has been recorded before in these areas, we report, to the best of our knowledge for the first time for these islands, the presence of a semi-organised commercial wild meat trade. The carcasses of western lesser spot-nosed monkeys were observed being stored and shipped from seaports to be sold at urban hubs (Bissau and Bubaque Island). The effect of commercial trade on the species could be severe, considering the small, naturally occurring, carrying capacities typical of insular ecosystems. The results of this study highlight the importance of understanding the leading social drivers of wild meat hunting of lesser spot-nosed monkeys on the Bijagós Archipelago, and the need to conduct baseline research on these insular populations, for which qualitative and quantitative methods could be combined.

小斑鼻猴（Cercopithecus petaurista）是一种广泛分布的西非长尾猴，通常被认为比许多同域灵长类动物更不易受到局部灭绝的影响。几内亚比绍拥有该物种的最西端种群，人们认为该物种在大陆非常罕见甚至已经灭绝，但在比热戈斯群岛的一些岛屿上可能有种群。然而，由于缺乏区域研究，这些岛屿人口的基线信息缺失。我们通过使用非系统的人种学方法收集了可能威胁这种灵长类动物长期保护的人类活动的基线数据。据报道，其中两个岛屿上的当地人报告该物种的数量正在减少或稀有，我们确定了对该物种的两个主要保护威胁：普遍的栖息地丧失/退化和狩猎。虽然这些地区以前曾有过以狩猎为生的记录，但据我们所知，我们首次报告这些岛屿存在半组织的商业野生肉贸易。据观察，西部小斑鼻猴的尸体被储存并从海港运往城市中心（比绍和布巴克岛）出售。考虑到岛屿生态系统典型的自然承载能力较小，商业贸易对该物种的影响可能会很严重。这项研究的结果强调了了解比热戈斯群岛小斑鼻猴野生肉狩猎的主要社会驱动因素的重要性，以及对这些岛屿种群进行基线研究的必要性，为此可以结合定性和定量方法。