In this study, the focus is on investigating how different climate scenarios, as they have been adopted in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), can lead to different regimes in the energetics components in Lorenz’s energy cycle, hence impacting the “working rate” of the climate system, which is considered as a “heat engine.” The four energy forms on which this investigation is based on are the zonal and eddy components of the available potential and kinetic energies. The permissible correspondingly considered transformations between these forms of energy are also studied. Generation of available potential energy and dissipation of kinetic energy complete the Lorenz energy cycle that is adopted here. In the CMIP6 approach, the results of different climate change analyses were collected in a matrix defined by two dimensions: climate exposure as characterized by a radiative forcing or temperature level and socioeconomic development as classified by the pathways, known as Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The basis of the calculations in this study is the climatic projection produced by the HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL climatic model in the period from 2015 to 2100. In this respect, the results are presented in terms of time projections of the energetics components under different SSPs. The results have shown that the different SSPs yield diverse energetics regimes, consequently impacting on Lorenz energy cycle and, hence, a “working rate” of the climate system based on the components of this cycle. In this respect, Lorenz energy cycle projections are presented, under different SSPs. The results are also contrasted to the calculations for the historical period 1929 to 2014 as this is simulated by the same climatic model.

中文翻译：

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CMIP6框架下基于HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL模拟的大气能量模式

在本研究中，重点是调查耦合模型比对项目 (CMIP6) 第 6 阶段采用的不同气候情景如何导致洛伦兹能源循环中能量成分的不同状态，从而影响“气候系统的工作率”，被视为“热机”。本研究所基于的四种能量形式是可用势能和动能的纬向和涡流分量。还研究了这些能量形式之间允许的相应考虑的转换。可用势能的产生和动能的耗散完成了此处采用的洛伦兹能量循环。在 CMIP6 方法中，不同气候变化分析的结果收集在由两个维度定义的矩阵中：以辐射强迫或温度水平为特征的气候暴露和按路径分类的社会经济发展，称为共享社会经济路径（SSP）。本研究的计算基础是 HadGEM3-GC3.1-LL 气候模型对 2015 年至 2100 年期间的气候预测。在这方面，结果以不同的 SSP。结果表明，不同的SSP产生不同的能量学机制，从而影响洛伦兹能量循环，从而影响基于该循环组成部分的气候系统的“工作率”。在这方面，洛伦兹能源循环预测是在不同的 SSP 下提出的。