Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a global health problem due to its complexity, which frequently makes the development of treatment methods extremely difficult. Therefore, new methodologies are necessary to investigate the pathophysiology of AD and to treat AD. The interaction of immune modulation and neurodegeneration has added new dimensions in current knowledge of AD etiology and offers an attractive opportunity for the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapies. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we compared the expression levels of inhibitory B7 family members (B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1, B7-DC, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H7, and ILDR2), as immune regulators, in the peripheral blood of late-onset AD (LOAD) patients (n = 50) and healthy individuals (n = 50). The levels of B7-2, B7-H4, ILDR2, and B7-DC expression were significantly higher in-patient blood samples than in control blood samples. Furthermore, we discovered a substantial positive correlation between all gene expression levels. In addition, the current study indicated that ILDR2, B7-H4, B7-2, and B7-DC might serve as diagnostic biomarkers to identify LOAD patients from healthy persons. The present work provides additional evidence for the significance of inhibitory B7 family members to the etiology of LOAD.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）因其复杂性而成为一个全球性健康问题，这常常使得治疗方法的开发变得极其困难。因此，需要新的方法来研究AD的病理生理学并治疗AD。免疫调节和神经退行性变的相互作用为当前 AD 病因学知识增添了新的维度，并为发现新型生物标志物和疗法提供了诱人的机会。使用定量聚合酶链反应，我们比较了抑制性 B7 家族成员（B7-1、B7-2、B7-H1、B7-DC、 B7 -H3、B7-H4、B7-H5、B7-H7和ILDR2）作为免疫调节剂，存在于晚发 AD (LOAD) 患者 (n = 50) 和健康个体 (n = 50) 的外周血中。住院患者血液样本中B7-2、B7-H4、ILDR2和B7-DC表达水平显着高于对照血液样本。此外，我们发现所有基因表达水平之间存在显着的正相关性。此外，当前的研究表明ILDR2、B7-H4、B7-2和B7-DC可以作为诊断生物标志物来识别 LOAD 患者与健康人。目前的工作为抑制性 B7 家族成员对 LOAD 病因学的重要性提供了额外的证据。