Most building materials exhibit hygroscopic behavior, wherein they absorb or release moisture from the surrounding environment until equilibrium is reached. This behavior can lead to expansion and shrinkage of the building materials, posing a risk of cracking mortar structures at an early stage. This research aims to enhance our understanding and control of the hydrothermal behavior of mortar by incorporating sorption phenomena and intrinsic its characteristics. The goal is to predict the behavior of mortar structures in relation to environmental factors and minimize the occurrence of cracks and ruptures. The hygroscopic behavior can be characterized by sorption isotherms, which describe the moisture adsorption and desorption over a relative humidity range of 0% to 95%. Experimental data obtained through the standard static gravimetric method were successfully utilized to determine the hygroscopic properties of mortar cement. The results demonstrated that the sorption behavior of mortar can be estimated based on its specific area, enabling prediction of the sorption behavior of the studied building material. The spreading pressure and average pore radius of mortar increase with rising relative humidity at a given temperature, resulting in surface shrinkage. Moreover, the increase in average pore volume in high relative humidity areas leads to various pathologies in building materials, particularly affecting their durability. The numerical values of the mean pore radius for mortar cement align with the experimental results, indicating an exponential relationship between the average pore radius and the relative humidity in the range of 1% to 90%.

大多数建筑材料都表现出吸湿行为，它们从周围环境中吸收或释放水分，直到达到平衡。这种行为会导致建筑材料膨胀和收缩，从而造成砂浆结构早期开裂的风险。本研究旨在通过结合吸附现象及其内在特征来增强我们对砂浆水热行为的理解和控制。目标是预测砂浆结构与环境因素相关的行为，并最大限度地减少裂缝和破裂的发生。吸湿行为可以通过吸附等温线来表征，该等温线描述了在 0% 至 95% 的相对湿度范围内的水分吸附和解吸。通过标准静态重量法获得的实验数据成功地用于测定砂浆水泥的吸湿性能。结果表明，可以根据砂浆的特定面积来估计砂浆的吸附行为，从而能够预测所研究的建筑材料的吸附行为。在给定温度下，砂浆的铺展压力和平均孔隙半径随着相对湿度的升高而增加，导致表面收缩。此外，高相对湿度区域平均孔隙体积的增加会导致建筑材料出现各种病症，特别是影响其耐久性。砂浆水泥平均孔隙半径的数值与实验结果一致，