The present paper deals with the problem of interlingual equivalence in vocabulary, text translation and intercultural communication and proposes a novel approach to this problem based on ideas from prototype theory and field theory. Within this approach, interlingual equivalence is defined not as the relation between two lexemes, but as the relation between a lexeme and a semantic field. The first part of the paper thus provides a general description of the main types of corresponding semantic fields. The second part deals with the factors that generally serve as a basis for establishing equivalence relations between lexical units in systems of the languages being compared and in texts. Particular attention is paid to outlining the differences between these factors. Furthermore, the paper discusses peculiarities arising when establishing equivalence relations between utterances in interlingual communication. In certain communicative situations, equivalent utterances cannot be perceived as adequate forms of realisation of a speech act, which must be taken into account in order to avoid misunderstanding and communication failure. In this case, equivalence relations in communication often need to be replaced by relations of adequacy. The difference between equivalence and adequacy is discussed as well. The analysis is based on comparison of the lexical-semantic spheres of English, German and Russian.

中文翻译：

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字典和文本中的等价

本文讨论了词汇、文本翻译和跨文化交际中的语际对等问题，并基于原型理论和场域理论的思想提出了解决该问题的新方法。在这种方法中，语言间等价不是定义为两个词位之间的关系，而是定义为词位与语义场之间的关系。因此，本文的第一部分提供了相应语义场的主要类型的一般描述。第二部分讨论通常作为在被比较的语言系统和文本中的词汇单元之间建立等价关系的基础的因素。特别注意概述这些因素之间的差异。此外，本文讨论了在语际交际中建立话语之间的对等关系时出现的特殊性。在某些交际情境中，等效话语不能被视为言语行为实现的充分形式，必须考虑这一点以避免误解和沟通失败。在这种情况下，沟通中的等价关系往往需要被充分性关系所取代。还讨论了等效性和充分性之间的区别。该分析基于英语、德语和俄语词汇语义领域的比较。必须考虑到这一点，以避免误解和沟通失败。在这种情况下，沟通中的等价关系往往需要被充分性关系所取代。还讨论了等效性和充分性之间的区别。该分析基于英语、德语和俄语词汇语义领域的比较。必须考虑到这一点，以避免误解和沟通失败。在这种情况下，沟通中的等价关系往往需要被充分性关系所取代。还讨论了等效性和充分性之间的区别。该分析基于英语、德语和俄语词汇语义领域的比较。