ABSTRACT

Cognitive gerontology research requires consideration of performance as well as perceptions of performance. While subjective memory is positively associated with memory performance, these correlations typically are modest in magnitude, leading to the need to consider whether certain people may show weaker or stronger linkages between performance and perceptions. The current study leveraged personality (NEO Big Five), memory performance (i.e., word recall), and perceptions of memory ability (i.e., metamemory in adulthood and memory decline) data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study (n = 774, mean age: 71.52 years). Extraversion and conscientiousness held the most consistent associations with the cognitive variables of interest, as both traits were positively associated with metamemory and word recall, but negatively associated with subjective decline. Moreover, extraversion moderated associations between word recall and both memory capacity and complaints, insofar that objective-subjective associations were weaker for those adults higher in extraversion. These findings highlight the need to understand how personality influences the sources of information employed for subjective cognitive beliefs.

摘要

认知老年学研究需要考虑表现以及对表现的看法。虽然主观记忆与记忆表现呈正相关，但这些相关性通常幅度不大，因此需要考虑某些人是否可能在表现和感知之间表现出较弱或较强的联系。当前的研究利用了来自圣路易斯人格与衰老网络 (SPAN) 研究的人格（NEO 大五）、记忆表现（即单词回忆）和记忆能力感知（即成年期的元记忆和记忆衰退）数据。n  = 774，平均年龄：71.52 岁）。外向性和尽责性与感兴趣的认知变量具有最一致的关联，因为这两种特征都与元记忆和单词回忆呈正相关，但与主观衰退呈负相关。此外，外向性调节了单词回忆与记忆能力和抱怨之间的关联，因为对于那些外向性较高的成年人来说，客观-主观关联较弱。这些发现强调需要了解个性如何影响主观认知信念所使用的信息来源。