In recent years, mitragynine has been consistently detected in driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases. In this paper, we evaluate 3 years (2017–2019) worth of DUID data from arrested drivers in Orange County, CA, USA. From the 25,398 DUID cases received in those 3 years, there were 60 (0.24%) cases with detectable concentrations, >10 ng/mL, of mitragynine. The majority of drivers were male (90%) and were stopped during the week (81%), considered Monday 0000 to Friday 1159. The concentration range for all mitragynine cases was 10.5–960 ng/mL, with a mean of 109 ng/mL and a median of 58 ng/mL. Forty four of the 60 cases were also screened for 7-hydroxymitragynine, and 27 (63%) were positive. The police reports and drug recognition expert evaluations were collected and evaluated. No case contained solely mitragynine, and the most common drugs detected in combination were central nervous system depressants (ethanol, followed by benzodiazepines), stimulants (methamphetamine and cocaine) and opioids (fentanyl and indication of heroin). Two cases containing only one other psychoactive substance are discussed more thoroughly to attempt to identify the contributions of mitragynine to driving impairment. Collected demographic, toxicological and field observations are presented for all cases.

中文翻译：

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奥兰治县 DUID 人群中的帽柱木碱

近年来，在药物影响下驾驶（DUID）案件中不断发现帽柱木碱。在本文中，我们评估了美国加利福尼亚州奥兰治县被捕司机 3 年（2017 年至 2019 年）的 DUID 数据。在这三年收到的 25,398 例 DUID 病例中，有 60 例（0.24%）例可检测到帽柱木碱浓度 >10 ng/mL。大多数司机是男性 (90%)，并在一周内被拦下 (81%)，即星期一 0000 至星期五 1159。所有帽柱木碱病例的浓度范围为 10.5–960 ng/mL，平均值为 109 ng/mL。 mL，中位数为 58 ng/mL。60 例中的​​ 44 例还进行了 7-羟基帽柱木碱筛查，其中 27 例（63%）呈阳性。收集并评估了警方的报告和毒品识别专家的评估。没有病例仅含有帽柱木碱，最常见的组合药物是中枢神经系统抑制剂（乙醇，其次是苯二氮卓类药物）、兴奋剂（甲基苯丙胺和可卡因）和阿片类药物（芬太尼和海洛因适应症）。我们更彻底地讨论了仅含有一种其他精神活性物质的两个案例，试图确定帽柱木碱对驾驶障碍的影响。收集了所有病例的人口统计、毒理学和现场观察结果。