The paper focuses on the Italian-speaking anarchists of the end of the nineteenth century and their involvement and legacy in trade union movements and strikes in Tunis during the first decade of the twentieth century. A perspective privileging the internationalist and trade-unionist activities, and their impact on that specific colonial context, avoids the dangers of a rigid ethnoscape and methodological nationalism. Even though most of the actors of this story were considered by the states as Italian nationals, their conflictual (at least for the anarchists) nationality helps us to understand the complexity of the national-cultural belonging of subversive migrants in the Imperial Mediterranean. The ideological struggle on the subversive legacy of Giuseppe Garibaldi at the end of the nineteenth century and the conflictual relations of the trade unions with consular authorities at the beginning of the twentieth century showed an Italian-speaking internationalism in the Southern Mediterranean shore, tightly connected with the European and the American areas. Based on understudied diplomatic, colonial, and police records, this research aims at analyzing the attempts of an international working-class movement in a hierarchical colonial situation also through Italian, French, and Tunisian sources.

本文重点关注十九世纪末的意大利语无政府主义者，以及他们在二十世纪头十年期间对突尼斯工会运动和罢工的参与和遗产。重视国际主义和工会主义活动及其对特定殖民背景的影响的观点，避免了僵化的民族景观和方法论民族主义的危险。尽管这个故事的大多数演员都被各国视为意大利国民，但他们冲突的（至少对无政府主义者来说）国籍有助于我们理解帝国地中海颠覆性移民的民族文化归属感的复杂性。十九世纪末针对朱塞佩·加里波第颠覆性遗产的意识形态斗争以及二十世纪初工会与领事当局的冲突关系表明，地中海南岸的意大利语国际主义与意大利紧密相连。欧洲和美洲地区。本研究以未充分研究的外交、殖民和警察记录为基础，旨在通过意大利、法国和突尼斯的资料来分析国际工人阶级运动在等级制度殖民局势中的尝试。