How does the European Union balance the need to migrate data to the cloud with the imperative of reducing its dependence on foreign cloud providers? Cloud computing is a critical technology for the competitiveness of the European Union (EU) in the digital economy. This paper argues that the EU is adopting a host of regulatory requirements and industrial policy tools—which fall under the umbrella term of ‘data sovereignty’—not only to protect the confidentiality of European data, but also to counter the dominance of US vendors in the European cloud market. To demonstrate how data sovereignty principles are woven into current EU policy initiatives, the paper presents two case studies: Gaia-X and the European Alliance for Industrial Data, Edge, and Cloud. Linking data sovereignty to the lack of a competitive European cloud ecosystem sheds light on the strategic dimension of cloud computing in a way that treating them separately would not do.

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云主权关系：欧盟如何寻求扭转其数字生态系统中的战略依赖

欧盟如何在将数据迁移到云的需求与减少对外国云提供商的依赖之间取得平衡？云计算是欧盟数字经济竞争力的关键技术。本文认为，欧盟正在采取一系列监管要求和产业政策工具（这些都属于“数据主权”的总称），不仅是为了保护欧洲数据的机密性，也是为了对抗美国供应商在市场上的主导地位。欧洲云市场。为了展示数据主权原则如何融入当前的欧盟政策举措，本文提出了两个案例研究：Gaia-X 和欧洲工业数据、边缘和云联盟。将数据主权与缺乏竞争性的欧洲云生态系统联系起来，揭示了云计算的战略维度，而单独对待它们是行不通的。