Research on gender differences in (self-)disclosure has produced mixed results, and, where differences have emerged, they may be an artifact of the measures employed. The present paper explores whether gender – defined as self-identified membership in one's sociocultural group – can indeed account for differences in the desire and propensity to divulge information to others. We additionally identify a possible moderator for such differences. In three studies employing two distinct research approaches – a free recall task for the extreme desire to disclose (Study 1, N = 195) and scaled responses to scenarios that manipulate valence experimentally in an exploratory study (Study 2, N = 547) and a preregistered replication (Study 3, N = 405) – we provide evidence of a robust interaction between gender and information valence. Male participants appear similar to female participants in their desire and likelihood to disclose positive information but are less likely than women to want to share negative information with others, and less likely to ultimately act on that desire. Men are reportedly more motivated than women to disclose as a means of self-enhancement, and self-reports reveal that women perceive their sharing behavior to be relatively normative, while men believe themselves to be more withholding than what is optimal. Information disclosure is increasingly pervasive and permanent in the digital age, and is accompanied by an array of social and psychological consequences. Given their disparate disclosing behaviors, men and women may thus be differentially advantaged by, or susceptible to, the positive and negative consequences of information sharing.

关于（自我）披露中的性别差异的研究产生了好坏参半的结果，而且，如果出现差异，它们可能是所采用的措施的产物。本文探讨了性别——定义为一个人社会文化群体中自我认同的成员身份——是否确实可以解释向他人透露信息的愿望和倾向的差异。我们还确定了此类差异的可能调节者。在三项研究中，采用了两种不同的研究方法——针对极度披露欲望的自由回忆任务（研究 1，N  = 195）和在探索性研究中通过实验操纵价的场景的缩放响应（研究 2，N  = 547）和预注册复制（研究 3，N = 405) – 我们提供了性别和信息效价之间强有力的相互作用的证据。男性参与者在披露积极信息的愿望和可能性方面与女性参与者相似，但与女性相比，男性参与者不太可能愿意与他人分享消极信息，并且最终按照这种愿望采取行动的可能性也较小。据报道，男性比女性更有动力将披露作为自我增强的一种手段，自我报告显示，女性认为自己的分享行为相对规范，而男性则认为自己比最佳行为更保守。在数字时代，信息披露越来越普遍和永久，并伴随着一系列社会和心理后果。鉴于男性和女性不同的披露行为，因此可能在以下方面具有不同的优势：