This article explores ethical issues raised by generative conversational AI systems like ChatGPT. It applies established approaches for analysing ethics of emerging technologies to undertake a systematic review of possible benefits and concerns. The methodology combines ethical issues identified by Anticipatory Technology Ethics, Ethical Impact Assessment, and Ethical Issues of Emerging ICT Applications with AI-specific issues from the literature. These are applied to analyse ChatGPT's capabilities to produce humanlike text and interact seamlessly. The analysis finds ChatGPT could provide high-level societal and ethical benefits. However, it also raises significant ethical concerns across social justice, individual autonomy, cultural identity, and environmental issues. Key high-impact concerns include responsibility, inclusion, social cohesion, autonomy, safety, bias, accountability, and environmental impacts. While the current discourse focuses narrowly on specific issues such as authorship, this analysis systematically uncovers a broader, more balanced range of ethical issues worthy of attention. Findings are consistent with emerging research and industry priorities on ethics of generative AI. Implications include the need for diverse stakeholder engagement, considering benefits and risks holistically when developing applications, and multi-level policy interventions to promote positive outcomes. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that applying established ethics of technology methodologies can produce a rigorous, comprehensive foundation to guide discourse and action around impactful emerging technologies like ChatGPT. The paper advocates sustaining this broad, balanced ethics perspective as use cases unfold to realize benefits while addressing ethical downsides.

本文探讨了 ChatGPT 等生成式对话 AI 系统引发的道德问题。它应用分析新兴技术伦理的既定方法，对可能的好处和担忧进行系统审查。该方法将预期技术伦理、伦理影响评估和新兴 ICT 应用的伦理问题所确定的伦理问题与文献中的人工智能特定问题结合起来。这些用于分析 ChatGPT 生成类人文本和无缝交互的能力。分析发现 ChatGPT 可以提供高水平的社会和道德效益。然而，它也引发了社会正义、个人自主、文化认同和环境问题等方面的重大伦理问题。主要的高影响力问题包括责任、包容性、社会凝聚力、自主性、安全性、偏见、问责制和环境影响。虽然当前的讨论狭隘地集中在作者身份等具体问题上，但这一分析系统地揭示了更广泛、更平衡的值得关注的伦理问题。研究结果与生成人工智能伦理方面的新兴研究和行业优先事项一致。影响包括需要多元化的利益相关者参与、在开发应用程序时全面考虑收益和风险，以及多层次的政策干预以促进积极成果。总体而言，分析表明，应用既定的技术方法伦理可以奠定严格、全面的基础，以指导围绕 ChatGPT 等有影响力的新兴技术的讨论和行动。该文件主张维持这一广泛的、