Anaemia is a common condition in alpacas and attributable to a variety of causes. Severe anaemia with a packed cell volume (PCV) less than 10% is frequently diagnosed, usually due to blood loss resulting from haemonchosis. Many South American camelids (SACs) also suffer from gastric ulcers, which are often associated with anaemia in other species. However, in alpacas and llamas, gastric ulcers usually do not lead to anaemia due to blood loss according to the current literature. There are no detailed clinical and laboratory data on this condition in the scientific literature so far. We report on the case of a nine-year-old male alpaca that was presented to the clinic with suspected forestomach acidosis. The animal showed clinical signs of colic, hypothermia, tachypnea, tachycardia, pale mucous membranes, and died shortly after admission to the clinic. Laboratory diagnosis revealed a markedly decreased haematocrit (0.13 l/l), leucopaenia with band neutrophils, azotaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and vitamin D deficiency. Post-mortem examination revealed multiple ulcers in the first and third compartment with perforation of one ulcer in the first compartment, resulting in intraluminal blood loss and purulent peritonitis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first detailed description of clinical and laboratory data of severe anaemia due to a perforated gastric ulcer in a SAC. Although the current literature suggests that severe blood loss due to gastric ulcers does not occur in SACs, this condition should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in anaemic animals. Clinical indicators can be colic and pale mucous membranes.

中文翻译：

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雄性羊驼因胃溃疡穿孔继发严重贫血

贫血是羊驼的常见病症，可归因于多种原因。经常诊断出细胞压积 (PCV) 低于 10% 的严重贫血，通常是由于血吸虫病导致失血所致。许多南美骆驼科动物（SAC）也患有胃溃疡，这通常与其他物种的贫血有关。然而，根据目前的文献，羊驼和美洲驼的胃溃疡通常不会因失血而导致贫血。迄今为止，科学文献中还没有关于这种情况的详细临床和实验室数据。我们报告了一只九岁雄性羊驼的病例，该羊驼因疑似前胃酸中毒而被送往诊所。该动物表现出绞痛、体温过低、呼吸急促、心动过速、粘膜苍白的临床症状，并在入院后不久死亡。实验室诊断显示血细胞比容显着下降（0.13 l/l）、白细胞减少伴中性粒细胞、氮血症、低钙血症、高磷酸盐血症和维生素 D 缺乏。尸检发现第一和第三间室有多处溃疡，其中第一间室有一个溃疡穿孔，导致腔内失血和化脓性腹膜炎。据作者所知，这是对 SAC 胃溃疡穿孔导致严重贫血的临床和实验室数据的首次详细描述。尽管目前的文献表明，胃溃疡引起的严重失血不会发生在 SAC 中，但这种情况应被视为贫血动物的可能鉴别诊断。临床指标可以是绞痛和粘膜苍白。