Background

Adults with co-occurring opioid use and mental health disorder (COD) recently released from incarceration have many social and health needs that place them at the most significant risk for overdose and poor reentry outcomes. Little is known about racial/ethnic differences in this population.

Methods

To examine racial/ethnic differences in social and health needs, data were analyzed for 293 adults with COD within two weeks of release, a high-risk period for overdose, from six Massachusetts jails.

Results

Overall, participants (62.6% non-Hispanic White, 23.1% Hispanic, 14.3% non-Hispanic Black, and 73.5% male) reported multiple health and social needs across groups. Chi-square tests and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVAs were used to compare social and health needs among racial/ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic Black participants reported more problems with crack/cocaine, whereas Non-Hispanic White and Hispanic participants reported more problems with opioids (p < .001). Despite similar lifetime rates of illicit substance use, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants received less treatment (p < .001). Non-Hispanic White participants reported more opioid and alcohol use (p < .006), trauma symptoms (p = .020), utilization of behavioral health treatment (p = .008), and more medical needs than Hispanic and/or non-Hispanic Black participants (p = .001). Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants reported more needs related to social determinants of health (p = .008).

Conclusions

While re-entry is a vulnerable period for all adults with COD, this paper identifies specific needs by race/ethnicity and proposes strategies to advance equity and improve care for all formerly incarcerated adults with a COD.

中文翻译：

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社区重返：同时发生阿片类药物使用和精神健康障碍的成年人未满足需求的种族/民族差异

背景

最近从监狱释放的同时患有阿片类药物使用和精神健康障碍 (COD) 的成年人有许多社会和健康需求，这使他们面临用药过量和重返社会结果不佳的最大风险。人们对这一人群中的种族/民族差异知之甚少。

方法

为了研究社会和健康需求方面的种族/族裔差异，对来自马萨诸塞州六所监狱的 293 名 COD 成年人的数据进行了分析，这些成年人在出狱后两周内（服药过量的高风险期）。

结果

总体而言，参与者（62.6% 非西班牙裔白人、23.1% 西班牙裔、14.3% 非西班牙裔黑人和 73.5% 男性）报告了跨群体的多种健康和社会需求。卡方检验和 Kruskal-Wallis 单向方差分析用于比较种族/族裔群体之间的社会和健康需求。非西班牙裔黑人参与者报告了更多的快克/可卡因问题，而非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔参与者报告了更多的阿片类药物问题 ( p  < .001)。尽管终生非法药物使用率相似，但非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔参与者接受的治疗较少 ( p  < .001)。 与西班牙裔和/或非西班牙裔白人相比，非西班牙裔白人参与者报告了更多的阿片类药物和酒精使用 ( p  < .006)、创伤症状 ( p  = .020)、行为健康治疗的利用 ( p = .008) 以及更多的医疗需求西班牙裔黑人参与者 ( p  = .001)。非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔参与者报告了更多与健康社会决定因素相关的需求 ( p  = .008)。

结论

虽然重新入狱对于所有患有 COD 的成年人来说都是一个脆弱时期，但本文根据种族/民族确定了具体需求，并提出了促进公平和改善对所有以前被监禁的患有 COD 的成年人的护理的策略。