ABSTRACT

Since ChatGPT’s release in November 2022, artificial intelligence has come into the spotlight. Inspiring both fascination and fear, chatbots have stirred debates among researchers, developers, and policy makers. The concerns range from concrete and tangible ones—which include replication of existing biases and discrimination at scale, harvesting personal data, and spreading misinformation—to more existential fears that their development will lead to machines with human-like cognitive abilities. Understanding how chatbots work and the human labor and data involved can better help evaluate the validity of concerns surrounding these systems, which although innovative, are hardly the stuff of science fiction.

摘要

自 2022 年 11 月 ChatGPT 发布以来，人工智能已成为人们关注的焦点。聊天机器人既令人着迷，又令人恐惧，它激起了研究人员、开发人员和政策制定者之间的争论。人们的担忧包括具体的、有形的——包括大规模复制现有的偏见和歧视、收集个人数据和传播错误信息——以及更存在的担忧，即它们的发展将导致机器具有类似人类的认知能力。了解聊天机器人的工作原理以及所涉及的人力和数据可以更好地帮助评估围绕这些系统的担忧的有效性，这些系统虽然具有创新性，但绝不是科幻小说中的内容。