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Vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations: implementation and first light
Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 , DOI: 10.1117/1.jatis.9.3.035002
Daniel Echeverri 1 , Jerry Xuan 1 , Nemanja Jovanovic 1 , Garreth Ruane 2 , Jacques-Robert Delorme 3 , Dimitri Mawet 1 , Bertrand Mennesson 2 , Eugene Serabyn 2 , J. Kent Wallace 2 , Jason Wang 4 , Jean-Baptiste Ruffio 5 , Luke Finnerty 6 , Yinzi Xin 1 , Maxwell Millar-Blanchaer 7 , Ashley Baker 1 , Randall Bartos 2 , Benjamin Calvin 6 , Sylvain Cetre 3 , Greg Doppmann 3 , Michael P. Fitzgerald 6 , Sofia Hillman 7 , Katelyn Horstman 1 , Chih-Chun Hsu 4 , Joshua Liberman 1 , Ronald Lopez 6 , Evan Morris 8 , Jacklyn Pezzato 1 , Caprice L. Phillips 9 , Bin B. Ren 10 , Ben Sappey 5 , Tobias Schofield 1 , Andrew J. Skemer 8 , Connor Vancil 7 , Ji Wang 9
Affiliation  

Vortex fiber nulling (VFN) is a single-aperture interferometric technique for detecting and characterizing exoplanets separated from their host star by less than a diffracted beam width. VFN uses a vortex mask and single-mode fiber to selectively reject starlight while coupling off-axis planet light with a simple optical design that can be readily implemented on existing direct imaging instruments that can feed light to an optical fiber. With its axially symmetric coupling region peaking within the inner working angle of conventional coronagraphs, VFN is more efficient at detecting new companions at small separations than conventional direct imaging, thereby increasing the yield of on-going exoplanet search campaigns. We deployed a VFN mode operating in K band (2.0 to 2.5 μm) on the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) instrument at the Keck II Telescope. We present the instrument design of this first on-sky demonstration of VFN and the results from on-sky commissioning, including planet and star throughput measurements and predicted flux-ratio detection limits for close-in companions. The instrument performance is shown to be sufficient for detecting a companion 103 times fainter than a fifth magnitude host star in 1 h at a separation of 50 mas (1.1 λ / D). This makes the instrument capable of efficiently detecting substellar companions around young stars. We also discuss several routes for improvement that will reduce the required integration time for a detection by a factor >3.

中文翻译:

用于系外行星观测的涡旋光纤归零:实施和第一束光

涡旋光纤调零 (VFN) 是一种单孔径干涉技术,用于检测和表征与主恒星分离距离小于衍射束宽度的系外行星。VFN 使用涡旋掩模和单模光纤选择性地拒绝星光,同时通过简单的光学设计耦合离轴行星光,该设计可以轻松地在可将光馈送到光纤的现有直接成像仪器上实现。由于其轴对称耦合区域在传统日冕仪的内部工作角内达到峰值,VFN 比传统直接成像更有效地检测小间距的新伴星,从而提高了正在进行的系外行星搜索活动的效率。我们部署了在 K 频段(2.0 到 2.0)运行的 VFN 模式。5 μm),安装在凯克 II 望远镜的凯克行星成像仪和表征仪 (KPIC) 仪器上。我们展示了首次 VFN 空中演示的仪器设计以及空中调试的结果,包括行星和恒星的吞吐量测量以及对近距离伴星的预测通量比检测限制。该仪器的性能足以在 1 小时内以 50 mas (1.1 λ/D) 的间隔探测到比五等主星暗 103 倍的伴星。这使得该仪器能够有效地探测年轻恒星周围的亚星伴星。我们还讨论了几种改进途径,将检测所需的积分时间减少>3倍。我们展示了首次 VFN 空中演示的仪器设计以及空中调试的结果,包括行星和恒星的吞吐量测量以及对近距离伴星的预测通量比检测限制。该仪器的性能足以在 1 小时内以 50 mas (1.1 λ/D) 的间隔探测到比五等主星暗 103 倍的伴星。这使得该仪器能够有效地探测年轻恒星周围的亚星伴星。我们还讨论了几种改进途径,将检测所需的积分时间减少>3倍。我们展示了首次 VFN 空中演示的仪器设计以及空中调试的结果,包括行星和恒星的吞吐量测量以及对近距离伴星的预测通量比检测限制。该仪器的性能足以在 1 小时内以 50 mas (1.1 λ/D) 的间隔探测到比五等主星暗 103 倍的伴星。这使得该仪器能够有效地探测年轻恒星周围的亚星伴星。我们还讨论了几种改进途径,将检测所需的积分时间减少>3倍。该仪器的性能足以在 1 小时内以 50 mas (1.1 λ/D) 的间隔探测到比五等主星暗 103 倍的伴星。这使得该仪器能够有效地探测年轻恒星周围的亚星伴星。我们还讨论了几种改进途径,将检测所需的积分时间减少>3倍。该仪器的性能足以在 1 小时内以 50 mas (1.1 λ/D) 的间隔探测到比五等主星暗 103 倍的伴星。这使得该仪器能够有效地探测年轻恒星周围的亚星伴星。我们还讨论了几种改进途径,将检测所需的积分时间减少>3倍。
更新日期:2023-09-01
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