Abstract

South Korea’s transition to democracy in 1987 was driven by social movements. The grand democracy coalition included the opposition party and various civic associations, including student groups, labour unions, and religious organisations. Civil society continued to pressure the post-transitional governments to dismantle authoritarian structures and remove undemocratic practices. Political authoritarianism in South Korea in 1961–1987 was inseparable from the developmental state that delivered the country’s impressive economic development. Government reform after the democratisation entailed the weakening, if not dismantling, of the developmental state, to make public governance and policymaking more transparent, responsive, and participatory. In this paper we examine government reform in South Korea, focusing on the first ten years following democratisation. The Roh Tae Woo government created the Administrative Reform Committee in 1988, and the Kim Young Sam government launched the Presidential Commission for Administrative Reform in 1993. Although both agencies engaged civilians in the reform process, it was the Ministry of Government Administration and the Ministry of Finance and Economy that dominated the designing and implementing of the reforms, which demonstrates that the introduction and implementation of collaborative governance in South Korea was state led. Comparative implications are drawn from the South Korean case.

摘要

韩国1987年的民主转型是由社会运动推动的。大民主联盟包括反对党和各种公民协会，包括学生团体、工会和宗教组织。民间社会继续向过渡后政府施压，要求其拆除专制结构并消除不民主的做法。1961年至1987年韩国的政治威权主义与发展型国家密不可分，而发展型国家为该国带来了令人印象深刻的经济发展。民主化后的政府改革即使不是废除发展型国家，也必然会削弱发展型国家，从而使公共治理和政策制定更加透明、反应灵敏和参与性更强。在本文中，我们研究了韩国的政府改革，重点关注民主化后的头十年。卢泰愚政府于1988年设立了行政改革委员会，金泳三政府于1993年设立了总统行政改革委员会。虽然这两个机构都让平民参与改革进程，但分别是行政部和行政部。金融和经济主导了改革的设计和实施，这表明韩国协同治理的引入和实施是由国家主导的。比较意义来自韩国的案例。尽管两个机构都让民间参与了改革进程，但主导改革设计和实施的是行政部和财政经济部，这表明韩国协同治理的引入和实施是由国家主导的。比较意义来自韩国的案例。尽管两个机构都让民间参与了改革进程，但主导改革设计和实施的是行政部和财政经济部，这表明韩国协同治理的引入和实施是由国家主导的。比较意义来自韩国的案例。