The extinction of megaherbivores (weighing over 1000 kg) at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary caused drastic changes at multiple trophic levels. However, few examples of Pleistocene insect extinction have been reported in the literature. Here we describe a new extinct dung beetle species, Scybalophagus brellenthinae sp. nov., based on fossil remains recorded from an Upper Pleistocene sequence from Chilean Northern Patagonia (Osorno city: 40°34′S, 73°07′W) dated between ~16 400 and ~12 800 cal a bp. S. brellenthinae is shown to be a species of the genus Scybalophagus based on the following morphological characters: a bidentate clypeus, teeth separated by U-shaped emargination; protibiae with three major denticles on the external margin, separated by minor denticles, present at the base of the protibiae; and mesotibiae with prominent transverse carinae. Additionally, this new species can be clearly distinguished from extant species of the genus by its shiny green color. Extant Scybalophagus are true dung beetle species that depend on fresh mammal dung for their nest development. Therefore, we suggest that the mass extinction of the megaherbivores during a period of drastic environmental change at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary in southern South America induced the collateral extinction of S. brellenthinae. Thus, this study provides new insights into dung beetle diversity of the past.

中文翻译：

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一种新灭绝的Scybalophagus粪甲虫物种支持了智利南美更新世-全新世边界的附带灭绝假说

更新世-全新世边界的巨型食草动物（体重超过1000公斤）的灭绝导致多个营养级发生剧烈变化。然而，文献中报道的更新世昆虫灭绝的例子很少。在这里，我们描述了一种新的灭绝粪甲虫物种，Scybalophagus brellenthinae sp。11 月，基于智利北部巴塔哥尼亚（奥索尔诺市：南纬 40°34′，西经 73°07′）上更新世序列记录的化石遗骸，年代为约 16 400 至 12 800 cal a bp  。 基于以下形态特征，S. brellenthinae被证明是Scybalophagus属的一个物种：双齿唇瓣，牙齿被 U 形边缘分开；Protibiae 的外部边缘具有三个主要小齿，被小齿状结构分隔开，存在于 Protibiae 的基部；和具有突出横向隆突的中胫。此外，这个新物种可以通过其闪亮的绿色与该属的现有物种清楚地区分开来。现存的食粪甲虫是真正的粪甲虫物种，它们的巢穴发育依赖于新鲜的哺乳动物粪便。因此，我们认为，在南美洲南部更新世-全新世边界发生剧烈环境变化期间，巨型食草动物的大规模灭绝导致了S. brellenthinae的附带灭绝。因此，这项研究为过去的粪甲虫多样性提供了新的见解。