By harnessing structural hierarchical insights, plausibly simulate better ones imagination to figure out the best choice of methods for reaching out the unprecedented developments of the tissue engineering products as a next level. Constructing a functional tissue that incorporates two-dimensional (2D) or higher dimensions requires overcoming technological or biological limitations in order to orchestrate the structural compilation of one-dimensional and 2D sheets (microstructures) simultaneously (in situ). This approach enables the creation of a layered structure that can be referred to as an ensemble of layers or, after several days of maturation, a direct or indirect joining of layers. Here, we have avoided providing a detailed methodological description of three-dimensional and 2D strategies, except for a few interesting examples that highlight the higher alignment of cells and emphasize rarely remembered facts associated with vascular, peripheral nerve, muscle, and intestine tissues. The effective directionality of cells in conjunction with geometric cues (in the range of micrometers) is well known to affect a variety of cell behaviors. The curvature of a cell's environment is one of the factors that influence the formation of patterns within tissues. The text will cover cell types containing some level of stemness, which will be followed by their consequences for tissue formation. Other important considerations pertain to cytoskeleton traction forces, cell organelle positioning, and cell migration. An overview of cell alignment along with several pivotal molecular and cellular level concepts, such as mechanotransduction, chirality, and curvature of structure effects on cell alignments will be presented. The mechanotransduction term will be used here in the context of the sensing capability that cells show as a result of force-induced changes either at the conformational or the organizational levels, a capability that allows us to modify cell fate by triggering downstream signaling pathways. A discussion of the cells' cytoskeleton and of the stress fibers involvement in altering the cell's circumferential constitution behavior (alignment) based on exposed scaffold radius will be provided. Curvatures with size similarities in the range of cell sizes cause the cell's behavior to act as if it was in an in vivo tissue environment. The revision of the literature, patents, and clinical trials performed for the present study shows that there is a clear need for translational research through the implementation of clinical trial platforms that address the tissue engineering possibilities raised in the current revision.

中文翻译：

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神经、血管、肌肉和肠道细胞在二维和三维策略中的排列行为

通过利用结构层次的洞察力，合理地模拟更好的想象力，找出最佳方法选择，以实现组织工程产品前所未有的发展新水平。构建包含二维 (2D) 或更高维度的功能组织需要克服技术或生物学限制，以便同时（原位）协调一维和 2D 片材（微观结构）的结构编译。这种方法可以创建分层结构，该结构可以称为层的整体，或者在成熟几天后称为层的直接或间接连接。在这里，我们避免提供三维和二维策略的详细方法描述，除了一些有趣的例子，这些例子强调了细胞的更高排列，并强调了与血管、周围神经、肌肉和肠道组织相关的很少被记住的事实。众所周知，细胞的有效方向性与几何线索（在微米范围内）相结合会影响各种细胞行为。细胞环境的曲率是影响组织内图案形成的因素之一。文本将涵盖含有一定程度干性的细胞类型，随后将介绍它们对组织形成的影响。其他重要的考虑因素涉及细胞骨架牵引力、细胞器定位和细胞迁移。细胞排列概述以及几个关键的分子和细胞水平概念，例如机械转导、将介绍手性和结构曲率对细胞排列的影响。此处使用的机械转导术语是指细胞由于力诱导的构象或组织水平变化而表现出的传感能力，这种能力使我们能够通过触发下游信号通路来改变细胞的命运。将提供对细胞的细胞骨架和参与基于暴露的支架半径改变细胞的圆周构成行为（排列）的应力纤维的讨论。细胞尺寸范围内具有尺寸相似性的曲率导致细胞的行为就像处于体内组织环境中一样。文献、专利、